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STATE DEPENDANT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN PURKINJE CELLS Zohar Tal, Edith Chorev and Yosef Yarom Department of Neurobiology, Life Science Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel One of the popular theories of cerebellar function assumes that the cerebellum stores memory traces at the parallel fibers (pf) synapse. According to this theory, the climbing fibers (cf) control the learning process by inducing long-term depression (LTD) of the simultaneously activated pf synapses. In a recent study we showed that Purkinje cells (PCs), under in vivo conditions, display bistability of their membrane potential. The bistability is an intrinsic property of the neurons, such that the membrane potential can remain either in a hyperpolarizing quiescent state (“down”-state) or in a depolarizing active state (“up” state). In the current study we examined to what extent the bistability of PCs in a slice preparation affects plastic processes. To that end, we paired local application of glutamate with the state of the PCs. At the end of this pairing procedure, we measured the voltage response induced by a pulse of glutamate and compared it to the control measurement. We found that 20 pairs at repetition rate of 1 Hz was sufficient to induce a robust long term depression (LTD) in the response to glutamate applications. We concluded that the up state of the PCs membrane potential could produce LTD. Furthermore, the fact that LTD can be induced by the up state can account for the loose temporal relationship between the pf and the cf that has been reported in the literature.