
The Anatomy of the Posterior Commissure
... colliculus and to continue directly to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Fibers from the thalamic, pretectal, tectal region, fibers from the superior colliculus and the habenular nuclei are known to connect with the posterior commissure, but they have not been shown anatomically (3-5,12). Although ...
... colliculus and to continue directly to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Fibers from the thalamic, pretectal, tectal region, fibers from the superior colliculus and the habenular nuclei are known to connect with the posterior commissure, but they have not been shown anatomically (3-5,12). Although ...
thesis - ETDA
... dystonia, which results in larger cortical representation areas of the affected body parts and that may affect inhibition (Hallett M, 1998). While many theories are currently being discussed in the literature, very few are consistently supported by findings in dystonic patients. This could mean that ...
... dystonia, which results in larger cortical representation areas of the affected body parts and that may affect inhibition (Hallett M, 1998). While many theories are currently being discussed in the literature, very few are consistently supported by findings in dystonic patients. This could mean that ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... University with an honors program in psychology. His first experimental work was with rats that had lesions of the hippocampus, which was then a little-known area of the brain. At that time, Professor Donald Hebb was the chair of the Psychology Department and was gaining prominence for his theory kn ...
... University with an honors program in psychology. His first experimental work was with rats that had lesions of the hippocampus, which was then a little-known area of the brain. At that time, Professor Donald Hebb was the chair of the Psychology Department and was gaining prominence for his theory kn ...
Some Fiber Projections to the Superior Colliculus in the Cat`
... reached the contralateral than the ipsilateral pretectal regions. While numerical estimates are difficult to obtain with the technique employed, the impression was gained that more direct retinal fibers reach the pretectum than the superior colliculus. The majority of retinal fibers in the pretectal ...
... reached the contralateral than the ipsilateral pretectal regions. While numerical estimates are difficult to obtain with the technique employed, the impression was gained that more direct retinal fibers reach the pretectum than the superior colliculus. The majority of retinal fibers in the pretectal ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... axons will also be described. In the Results section, references to the work of other authors are given systematically after the description of our own observations. In this work, it was found that 5-HT-immunoreactive axons and varicosities arborize in every part of the gray matter in the brain and ...
... axons will also be described. In the Results section, references to the work of other authors are given systematically after the description of our own observations. In this work, it was found that 5-HT-immunoreactive axons and varicosities arborize in every part of the gray matter in the brain and ...
superior Medullary Velum
... present in the anterior medullary velum in a study in which retrograde and transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to show the central projections of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons innervating rat masticatory muscles (21). The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was also reported ...
... present in the anterior medullary velum in a study in which retrograde and transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to show the central projections of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons innervating rat masticatory muscles (21). The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was also reported ...
View: Chapter Text (PDF with new
... transverse fibers along its ventral surface. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) connect to the pons. Rostral to the pons, the ventral surface of the midbrain (mesencephalon) features a median interpeduncular fossa between bilateral cerebral peduncles. The ventral surface of each peduncle is capped by the w ...
... transverse fibers along its ventral surface. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) connect to the pons. Rostral to the pons, the ventral surface of the midbrain (mesencephalon) features a median interpeduncular fossa between bilateral cerebral peduncles. The ventral surface of each peduncle is capped by the w ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in - AJP
... the inner bipoles on each endocardial multipolar electrode by sampling at 3 kHz per channel filtering at 3–1,300 Hz (1). The bipoles between Purkinje tissue and epicardium were spaced to record the intervening midwall to account for transmural conduction. Mapping analysis was done offline. The compu ...
... the inner bipoles on each endocardial multipolar electrode by sampling at 3 kHz per channel filtering at 3–1,300 Hz (1). The bipoles between Purkinje tissue and epicardium were spaced to record the intervening midwall to account for transmural conduction. Mapping analysis was done offline. The compu ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... recorded neurons could be recovered after standard histological procedures. The length of the somata ranged from 20 to 34 m (26.1 ⫾ 5.1m, mean ⫾ SD), and their width ranged from 12 to 23 m (16.3 ⫾ 3.1 m, mean ⫾ SD). GABAergic DC N neurons in rats have soma sizes between 5 and 22 m (mean, 10 m) ...
... recorded neurons could be recovered after standard histological procedures. The length of the somata ranged from 20 to 34 m (26.1 ⫾ 5.1m, mean ⫾ SD), and their width ranged from 12 to 23 m (16.3 ⫾ 3.1 m, mean ⫾ SD). GABAergic DC N neurons in rats have soma sizes between 5 and 22 m (mean, 10 m) ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... (Figure 1). Vestibular nucleus neurons contribute to a variety of circuits that are responsible for initiating compensatory movements of the eyes, head and body [1,2] in addition to providing information about head direction to forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the auton ...
... (Figure 1). Vestibular nucleus neurons contribute to a variety of circuits that are responsible for initiating compensatory movements of the eyes, head and body [1,2] in addition to providing information about head direction to forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the auton ...
Medial medullary syndrome
... vital anatomic structure as it is responsible for multiple autonomic functions necessary for life. It contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers, therefore the medulla oblongata is crucial for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Neurons of the reticular formation play ...
... vital anatomic structure as it is responsible for multiple autonomic functions necessary for life. It contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers, therefore the medulla oblongata is crucial for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Neurons of the reticular formation play ...
Test #2
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
Lab13 - Personal
... Haines 5-1 Descending Hypothalamic System Sacral Parasympathetic Nuclei – in the intermediate zone ...
... Haines 5-1 Descending Hypothalamic System Sacral Parasympathetic Nuclei – in the intermediate zone ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... 30% decrease in the number of purkinje cells (arrows) in meningitic brain. ...
... 30% decrease in the number of purkinje cells (arrows) in meningitic brain. ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... hemicord. This arrangement ensures that groups of axial muscles on both sides of the body act in concert to maintain and adjust posture. In contrast, local circuit neurons in the lateral region of the intermediate zone have shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predomi ...
... hemicord. This arrangement ensures that groups of axial muscles on both sides of the body act in concert to maintain and adjust posture. In contrast, local circuit neurons in the lateral region of the intermediate zone have shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predomi ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
pdf
... to the postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex) of the cerebral cortex (areas 3, 1, 2) (Figure 13) on page 21. Inferior spinocerebellar fascicles or Flechsig's fasciculus: The inferior spinocerebellar tract conveys inconscient propioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. Proprioceptiv ...
... to the postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex) of the cerebral cortex (areas 3, 1, 2) (Figure 13) on page 21. Inferior spinocerebellar fascicles or Flechsig's fasciculus: The inferior spinocerebellar tract conveys inconscient propioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. Proprioceptiv ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... among the association regions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. In addition, the laminar pattern of innervation in a given region was correlated with its fiber density. Sparsely innervated regions had labeled fibers only in layer I and sometimes layer VI. In regions of intermediate densi ...
... among the association regions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. In addition, the laminar pattern of innervation in a given region was correlated with its fiber density. Sparsely innervated regions had labeled fibers only in layer I and sometimes layer VI. In regions of intermediate densi ...
anterior spinothalamic tract.
... tracts are parts of the extrapyramidal tracts or system. 1- Corticospinal tract: It is concerning with the initiation of voluntary movement. This tract begins from the motor area of the cerebral cortex and then down till the medulla oblongata. The majority of these fibers cross to other side in the ...
... tracts are parts of the extrapyramidal tracts or system. 1- Corticospinal tract: It is concerning with the initiation of voluntary movement. This tract begins from the motor area of the cerebral cortex and then down till the medulla oblongata. The majority of these fibers cross to other side in the ...
06-pons + midbrain
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
... Mesencephalic trigeminal tract & nucleus (muscle spindles from chewing muscles ...
... Mesencephalic trigeminal tract & nucleus (muscle spindles from chewing muscles ...
07-pons + midbrain2009-03-24 08:441.9 MB
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
Cerebellum

The cerebellum (Latin for ""little brain"") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity. Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.Anatomically, the cerebellum has the appearance of a separate structure attached to the bottom of the brain, tucked underneath the cerebral hemispheres. Its cortical surface is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex. These parallel grooves conceal the fact that the cerebellar cortex is actually a continuous thin layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with a highly regular arrangement, the most important being Purkinje cells and granule cells. This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of its output passes through a set of small deep cerebellar nuclei lying in the interior of the cerebellum.In addition to its direct role in motor control, the cerebellum is necessary for several types of motor learning, most notably learning to adjust to changes in sensorimotor relationships. Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum. Most of them derive from models formulated by David Marr and James Albus, which were based on the observation that each cerebellar Purkinje cell receives two dramatically different types of input: one type of input is made up of thousands of weak inputs from the parallel fibers; the other type is that of an extremely strong input from a single climbing fiber. The basic concept of the Marr–Albus theory is that the climbing fiber serves as a ""teaching signal"", which induces a long-lasting change in the strength of parallel fiber inputs. Observations of long-term depression in parallel fiber inputs have provided support for theories of this type, but their validity remains controversial.