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... nonlemniscal pathway begins at the earliest level of the ascending auditory pathway in the GCD of the cochlear nucleus. ...
... nonlemniscal pathway begins at the earliest level of the ascending auditory pathway in the GCD of the cochlear nucleus. ...
Throwing while looking through prisms
... peduncle had impaired or absent prism adaptation. Patients with infarcts in the distribution of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery usually had impaired or absent adaptation ...
... peduncle had impaired or absent prism adaptation. Patients with infarcts in the distribution of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery usually had impaired or absent adaptation ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... from cerebellar explants. (A,B) Control (A; n=11) D12 chick cortical explants grown for 48 hours proliferate but show no significant spreading of newly divided cells into the surrounding collagen. SHH treatment for the first 24 hours of culture induces extensive migration of BrdU-labeled cells (arro ...
... from cerebellar explants. (A,B) Control (A; n=11) D12 chick cortical explants grown for 48 hours proliferate but show no significant spreading of newly divided cells into the surrounding collagen. SHH treatment for the first 24 hours of culture induces extensive migration of BrdU-labeled cells (arro ...
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... fear conditioning and generate the appropriate emotional behavior patterns [94,95]. Taking into account these connections, the vermis can be viewed as the interface between the sensory stimuli, emotional state, and motor responses of a subject. Thus, in the vermis, learning-related plasticity might ...
... fear conditioning and generate the appropriate emotional behavior patterns [94,95]. Taking into account these connections, the vermis can be viewed as the interface between the sensory stimuli, emotional state, and motor responses of a subject. Thus, in the vermis, learning-related plasticity might ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... from cerebellar explants. (A,B) Control (A; n=11) D12 chick cortical explants grown for 48 hours proliferate but show no significant spreading of newly divided cells into the surrounding collagen. SHH treatment for the first 24 hours of culture induces extensive migration of BrdU-labeled cells (arro ...
... from cerebellar explants. (A,B) Control (A; n=11) D12 chick cortical explants grown for 48 hours proliferate but show no significant spreading of newly divided cells into the surrounding collagen. SHH treatment for the first 24 hours of culture induces extensive migration of BrdU-labeled cells (arro ...
Document
... (muscle spindles from chewing muscles & jaw joint receptors) Motor trigeminal nucleus ...
... (muscle spindles from chewing muscles & jaw joint receptors) Motor trigeminal nucleus ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slight involvement of a lateroposterior part of the fastigial nucleus and of the posterior interposed nuc ...
... termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slight involvement of a lateroposterior part of the fastigial nucleus and of the posterior interposed nuc ...
Caudal Medulla
... • 4th ventricle medial floor structures 1. the hypoglossal nucleus 2. dorsal motor vagal nucleus 3. the vestibular nuclei ( lateral to the sulcus limitans) medial and inferior (or spinal) They receive input from cranial nerve VIII and interconnect with areas of the brain concerned with balance and e ...
... • 4th ventricle medial floor structures 1. the hypoglossal nucleus 2. dorsal motor vagal nucleus 3. the vestibular nuclei ( lateral to the sulcus limitans) medial and inferior (or spinal) They receive input from cranial nerve VIII and interconnect with areas of the brain concerned with balance and e ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
Are fast/slow process in motor adaptation and forward/inverse
... Another question is whether the fast and slow processes have different neural basis [11] or result from multiple time-scales in the synaptic plasticity of single neurons [12]. Achieved data in [2] proposed that fast and slow components of motor memory may be anatomically distinct from each other. Ba ...
... Another question is whether the fast and slow processes have different neural basis [11] or result from multiple time-scales in the synaptic plasticity of single neurons [12]. Achieved data in [2] proposed that fast and slow components of motor memory may be anatomically distinct from each other. Ba ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
Thalamus and basal ganglia
... ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus: nucleus for processing somatosensory information from the body • ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus: nucleus for processing somatosensory information from the face; contains a medial parvocellular part for taste • internal medullary lamina: partition between gr ...
... ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus: nucleus for processing somatosensory information from the body • ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus: nucleus for processing somatosensory information from the face; contains a medial parvocellular part for taste • internal medullary lamina: partition between gr ...
REVIEW OF LIMBIC SYSTEM, HYPOTHALAMUS, THALAMUS
... activity in peripheral sensory fibers) can be caused by lesions that interrupt the somatosensory pathway at any level. A destructive lesion that involves the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus may result in the thalamic pain syndrome characterized by exaggerated and exceptionally disagreeable ...
... activity in peripheral sensory fibers) can be caused by lesions that interrupt the somatosensory pathway at any level. A destructive lesion that involves the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus may result in the thalamic pain syndrome characterized by exaggerated and exceptionally disagreeable ...
CNS Blood Supply
... damage to the anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract) 2. An ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sense on the face, due to damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract 3. Vertigo, nausea and vomiting, due to damage to the vestibular nuclei 4. Hornor’s syndrome, (miosis [contraction of th ...
... damage to the anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract) 2. An ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sense on the face, due to damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract 3. Vertigo, nausea and vomiting, due to damage to the vestibular nuclei 4. Hornor’s syndrome, (miosis [contraction of th ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... Abstract—Hippocampal functioning, in the form of theta band oscillation, has been shown to modulate and predict cerebellar learning of which rabbit eyeblink conditioning is perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if ...
... Abstract—Hippocampal functioning, in the form of theta band oscillation, has been shown to modulate and predict cerebellar learning of which rabbit eyeblink conditioning is perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... occlusion, and this inhibition was significantly diminished by spinal cord dorsal rhizotomies at C3–7 (6, 24). Cerebellar respiratory-related neurons (CRRNs) have been reported in the cerebellum of the carp (1) and, more specifically, in the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr) of spontaneously breathing ...
... occlusion, and this inhibition was significantly diminished by spinal cord dorsal rhizotomies at C3–7 (6, 24). Cerebellar respiratory-related neurons (CRRNs) have been reported in the cerebellum of the carp (1) and, more specifically, in the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr) of spontaneously breathing ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of several LMN nuclei associated with eye functions. In addition, there are pathways passing through this region, ...
... spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of several LMN nuclei associated with eye functions. In addition, there are pathways passing through this region, ...
Synapses formed by normal and abnormal hippocampal mossy fibers
... on CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites (the thorny excrescences) are large and often branched. Branching of spines is a rare feature of regular spines in the neocortex and hippocampus. In Fig. 1b, the postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal neuron has been Golgi-impregnated and gold-toned, allowing the identification o ...
... on CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites (the thorny excrescences) are large and often branched. Branching of spines is a rare feature of regular spines in the neocortex and hippocampus. In Fig. 1b, the postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal neuron has been Golgi-impregnated and gold-toned, allowing the identification o ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
neurology part1_lab10_10_5_2011
... According to dr alia she said that most of the questions in the exam are about trigeminal & facial nerves also we have to know all the anatomical info because they are included. ...
... According to dr alia she said that most of the questions in the exam are about trigeminal & facial nerves also we have to know all the anatomical info because they are included. ...
Characterisation of the zebrafish cerebellar efferent system
... largely unknown. In this study, the EC population of the zebrafish was identified and characterised using expression analysis in combination with retrograde axon tracing and in vivo time-lapse imaging. In addition, early development of ECs, their differentiation behaviour and their integration into ...
... largely unknown. In this study, the EC population of the zebrafish was identified and characterised using expression analysis in combination with retrograde axon tracing and in vivo time-lapse imaging. In addition, early development of ECs, their differentiation behaviour and their integration into ...
Enriched Expression of GluD1 in Higher Brain Regions and Its
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
Unique features of the human brainstem and cerebellum
... 2001; Hoover and Strick, 1999; Dum and Strick, 2003; Kelly and Strick, 2003; Akkal et al., 2007). In addition to its contribution to cortical function, the cerebellum also can influence motor control by projections to brainstem structures like the vestibular nuclei that in turn affect movement (Lang ...
... 2001; Hoover and Strick, 1999; Dum and Strick, 2003; Kelly and Strick, 2003; Akkal et al., 2007). In addition to its contribution to cortical function, the cerebellum also can influence motor control by projections to brainstem structures like the vestibular nuclei that in turn affect movement (Lang ...
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for ""little brain"") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity. Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.Anatomically, the cerebellum has the appearance of a separate structure attached to the bottom of the brain, tucked underneath the cerebral hemispheres. Its cortical surface is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex. These parallel grooves conceal the fact that the cerebellar cortex is actually a continuous thin layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with a highly regular arrangement, the most important being Purkinje cells and granule cells. This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of its output passes through a set of small deep cerebellar nuclei lying in the interior of the cerebellum.In addition to its direct role in motor control, the cerebellum is necessary for several types of motor learning, most notably learning to adjust to changes in sensorimotor relationships. Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum. Most of them derive from models formulated by David Marr and James Albus, which were based on the observation that each cerebellar Purkinje cell receives two dramatically different types of input: one type of input is made up of thousands of weak inputs from the parallel fibers; the other type is that of an extremely strong input from a single climbing fiber. The basic concept of the Marr–Albus theory is that the climbing fiber serves as a ""teaching signal"", which induces a long-lasting change in the strength of parallel fiber inputs. Observations of long-term depression in parallel fiber inputs have provided support for theories of this type, but their validity remains controversial.