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Genetic Engineering What is genetic engineering? List and describe some uses of genetic engineering. Genetic Engineering = cutting DNA from 1 organism into small fragments and inserting the fragments into a host organism of the same or different species (also called recombinant DNA technology or biogenetics) Uses of Genetic Engineering: 1. Making transgenic organisms – an organism that contains _______DNA from another species__________ EX. If I put DNA from a ___glowing tobacco plant glow fish_________ REAL LIFE USES for transgenic organisms: - medicine (producing human_growth hormones_____) - crops (making crops that are ___insect resistant_____) - foods (making better tasting or more meaty foods) - crops (making canola that produces _high yield_____ oil to make canola oil) - altered bacteria that clean sewage (in septic tanks and sewage treatment plants) - altered E. coli bacteria to make the expensive __indigo dye___ - working on bacteria that can turn wood chips into _paper____ - vaccines HOW DO YOU MAKE A TRANSGENIC ORGANISM? 1. Isolate the foreign DNA by using _____restriction enzymes___ that cleave (cut) the donor DNA at very specific places 2. Vectors transfer the donor DNA into the host a. mechanical vectors = Carry DNA into a cell, micropipette or metal bullet b. biological vectors = virus or bacterial plasmid (____small rings of DNA_____) 3. If host and foreign DNA have been cleaved by the same restriction enzyme, the ends can ___join the ends ____ together. 4. Gene cloning occurs- this cell continues to divide by __mitosis__ and __meiosis___ this new foreign DNA (gene) as if it were its own 2. Cloning- make an ____genetically identical copy of an organism___ - most famous example is the sheep _____Dolly________ in 1997 hope to use to create more and better cows for ___higher food yields_____ Summary 3. Sequencing DNA by gel electrophoresis- separates DNA by __size___ USES for GEL ELECTROPHORESIS and DNA SEQUENCING - DNA fingerprinting to determine _____a criminal from a crime scene or the parent in a paternity test______ - Analyze fossil DNA and compare extinct species with living species Human Genome Project- an international effort to sequence the 35,000 -40,000 genes on the ___46____ human chromosomes - began in 1990, completed in 2003 BENEFITS: - ___Diagnosis__ for diseases (ex. Test the cells from the fluid around fetus to see if baby has a genetic disorder) - better drugs - gene therapy = ___insertion of normal genes into humans with diseases to correct the genetic disorder__ - DNA fingerprinting (except for____twins____, no 2 people have the same DNA sequence) Summary ETHICS: How far is too far? What is morally ok, what is morally wrong??!! (write your answer here)