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Nucleic acid vaccines for ehrlichia chaffeensis and methods of use
Nucleic acid vaccines for ehrlichia chaffeensis and methods of use

... disease caused by members of the tribe Ehrlichiae have been described. Ehrlichiae infect leukocytes and endothelial cells of many different mammalian species, some of them causing serious human and veterinary diseases. Over 400 cases of ...
TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays User Guide
TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays User Guide

... particular level of observation or actions as described below: Note: Provides information that may be of interest or help but is not critical to the use of the product. ...
Product description P018-G1 SHOX-v03 - MRC
Product description P018-G1 SHOX-v03 - MRC

... To be used in combination with a SALSA® MLPA® reagent kit, available for various number of reactions. MLPA reagent kits are either provided with FAM or Cy5.0 dye-labelled PCR primer, suitable for Applied Biosystems and Beckman capillary sequencers, respectively (see www.mlpa.com). Certificate of Ana ...
Comparison of different PCR tests for detecting Shiga toxin
Comparison of different PCR tests for detecting Shiga toxin

... reaction, with no need for any further processing of the samples and without opening the test tubes, greatly reducing the risk of carry-over contamination. Another advantage of real-time PCR methods is that they do not need ethidium bromide, which is subject to strict and constraining regulations in ...
a method for detecting and typing of salmonella by multiplex pcr
a method for detecting and typing of salmonella by multiplex pcr

Genetics Practice Test
Genetics Practice Test

... 122. What are structures C and D in Figure 15–1, and what is their significance? 123. Briefly explain what plasmids are and how they can be used to create transgenic organisms. 124. What does the polymerase chain reaction enable scientists to do? 125. How did Douglas Prasher find the gene that make ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library

... The best understood special form of P. carinii, P. carinii formae specialis (f.sp.) carinii, appears to be haploid and contains about 8 million base pairs of DNA (8.5 fg) per nucleus. The genome of P. carinii f.sp. carinii is divided into 13^15 linear chromosomes that range from 300 to 700 kb in siz ...
Expression and characterization of von Willebrand
Expression and characterization of von Willebrand

... to multimers of different size at the amino-terminal. Because it was shown that disulfide bonding at the amino-terminal is independent of dimerization at the carboxy-terminal,27 we hypothesized that recombinant expression of a dimerization defect by using full-length vWF cDNA would nevertheless resu ...
Designing synthetic MLPA probes - MRC
Designing synthetic MLPA probes - MRC

... Hybridising parts of LPO and RPO. Bind to adjacent target DNA sequences. Probe oligonucleotide that is situated on the left when probe is shown from 5’ to 3’. Consists of forward PCR primer sequence (5’ end) and hybridising sequence (3’ end). 3’ nucleotide of LPO and 5’ nucleotide of RPO, where liga ...
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus

... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and

... MATERIALS AND METHODS The test strains which we used are listed in Table 1. The streptococci were cultivated in CASO-bouillon medium (E. Merck AG, Darmstadt, Germany) without aeration at 34°C. Staphylococcus sciuri and Escherichia coli were grown in shake flasks containing glucose-peptone-yeast extr ...
NO sensing by FNR: regulation of the Escherichia coli NO
NO sensing by FNR: regulation of the Escherichia coli NO

... protected by the addition of 0.2 mM holo-FNR (Figure 5A). Increasing protein concentrations also revealed hypersensitive sites. Once the FNR concentration reached 2±12 mM, an AT-rich hexamer centred at ±15.5 appears to be protected from cleavage (Figure 5A and C). The same footprinting pattern was o ...
Real-time PCR Handbook
Real-time PCR Handbook

... The change in fluorescence over the course of the reaction is measured by an instrument that combines thermal cycling with fluorescent dye scanning capability. By plotting fluorescence against the cycle number, the real-time PCR instrument generates an amplification plot that represents the accumula ...
Mutational analysis of sickle haemoglobin (Hb
Mutational analysis of sickle haemoglobin (Hb

... aggregate with the objective of preventing its formation is the use of chemical modifiers directed at certain parts of the Hb tetramer [9–11]. Even though useful information has come from this approach, the types of site modified are limited to those that possess reactivity toward a particular reage ...
Characterization of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene
Characterization of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene

Novel pathogen-specific primers for the detection of Agrobacterium
Novel pathogen-specific primers for the detection of Agrobacterium

... crown gall (BURR et al. 1998). Besides A. vitis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens may also occur on grapevines as causative agent of crown gall disease (SZEGEDI et al. 2005). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has widely been used to test for the presence of various plant pathogens to select clean plant m ...
Fig. - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
Fig. - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional

Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Variable breakpoints on both genes. Abnormal protein ...
Identification and expression of GH
Identification and expression of GH

... chromosomal DNA library of strain BTMO, which had the highest chitosanase activity in the plate assays (see ‘Materials and methods’). The sequence of the PCR product revealed a putative ORF sequence (1359 bp) with 95% identity to the ORFs of Bacillus sp. No. 7-M (Izume et al., 1992) and KCTC 0377BP ...
Product description P003-D1 MLH1-MSH2-v01 - MRC
Product description P003-D1 MLH1-MSH2-v01 - MRC

... use only (RUO) assay for the detection of exon deletion(s) or duplication(s) in specific regions of the MLH1, MSH2 and EPCAM genes, as well as a recurrent 10 Mb inversion on chromosome arm 2p which disrupts the MSH2 gene, in order to confirm a potential cause and clinical diagnosis for Lynch syndrom ...
Nucleic acid vaccines against rickettsial diseases and methods of use
Nucleic acid vaccines against rickettsial diseases and methods of use

... described. Ehrlichiae infect leukocytes and endothelial cells of many different mammalian species, some of them causing ...
TaqMan-Based Real-Time PCR for Genotyping Common
TaqMan-Based Real-Time PCR for Genotyping Common

... and HP2 for typing (14, 15 ). More recently, a singlechain antibody-based ELISA test was also established (16 ). In addition, several HP-genotyping methods based on conventional PCR have been developed; however, these PCR-based methods need to amplify a relatively large DNA fragment to detect the 1. ...
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic

... chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) yielded an [M + H]+ ion at m/z 1030.37338 for the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, consistent with i ...
BT314 Virology
BT314 Virology

... people, it is critical to the student of biology. Genetics provides one of biology’s unifying principles: all organisms use nucleic acids for their genetic material and all encode their genetic information in the same way. Genetics undergirds the study of many other biological disciplines. Evolution ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

... people, it is critical to the student of biology. Genetics provides one of biology’s unifying principles: all organisms use nucleic acids for their genetic material and all encode their genetic information in the same way. Genetics undergirds the study of many other biological disciplines. Evolution ...
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Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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