Download Psychology Chapter 3

Psychology Chapter 3
Biology and Behavior
Chapter 3 Key Words
-Define and describe your Keywords and share!
Section 1 Activating Activity
Section 1 Preview Video
Chapter 3 Section 1E.Q.
What is the Nervous System?
-If we think of the nervous system as long
“chains” of communicating cells, then neurons
are the links.
-Neurons come in many different shapes and
sizes, but the most consist of four basic parts.
Neurons 4 Parts (Cont.)
1) Dendrites: are the receiving area for information
from other neurons
2) Soma: the body, collects and combines incoming
information
3) Axon: nerve impulses travel down, many axons
are covered with myelin (insulating casing)
4) Axon Terminals: smaller fibers that connect the
neurons to the dendrites and somas of other
nerve cells
Nerve impulses head to foot in 1/150 of a second or 250
mph.
Neurons
-Each neuron can be thought of as a tiny
battery ready to be discharged.
-Nerve cells are filled with dissolved chemicals,
especially sodium and potassium.
-Messages are sent from the axon terminals of
one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.
-The message must cross a synapse, or tiny
space between the axon terminals of one
neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.
-Neurons send messages across synapses
through the release of neurotransmitters.
-Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers
such as acetylcholine, dopamine,
noradrenaline, and dozens more.
-These messages are carried via the spinal
cord and the peripheral nervous system.
Central Nervous System
Thick as your finger - base of
brain to below level of the waist
-Consists of the neurons of the spinal cord and
the brain.
-The spinal cord connects
the brain to other parts of
the body.
-The spinal cord is
involved in spinal
reflexes.
Peripheral Nervous System
-Transmits messages between the central
nervous system and all parts of the body.
2 Divisions
-Somatic nervous system (transmits sensory
messages to the central nervous system)
-Autonomic nervous system (transmits
automatic messages regulating the body’s vital
functions) Involved with experience of emotion
-Sympathetic nervous system
-Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Heart,
blood
vessels,
and glands.
Feel the
world and
move around
in it.
Voluntary
muscles and
receptors.
Prepares for
emergencies.
Save,
store
energy.
Chapter 3 Section 1 Review
-E.Q. Review: Explain how messages are
transmitted by neurons, and describe the
functions of the spinal cord and the peripheral
nervous system.
-Activ-Studio Neuron Review
-Section 1 ERT and Graphics Worksheet
Chapter 3 Section 2 E.Q.
Identify the major structures of the brain, and explain the
functions of each structure.
Activating Strategy
-Web Research: Brain components and
functions. Identify the components of the brain
on the chart and then find the functions of the
parts listed below and write them out.
Learning and the Brain Video
Brain Notes
-Every person is unique because of the brain.
-The brain is divided into three sections:
1) Hindbrain (body functions)
2) Midbrain (vision/hearing)
3) Forebrain (thought/emotion)
Brain Hemispheres
-The Brain is divided into four parts, or lobes:
-Frontal (personality)
-Parietal (sensory)
-Temporal (hearing)
-Occipital (seeing)
-Learning Style:
http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligenceslearning-styles-quiz
History of Brain Studies
-Ancient cultures and continues today by using a
variety of techniques to study damaged and intact
brains
1) Accidents/brain damage - Phineas Gage pg. 65
Discussion
2) Electronic Stimulation of the Brain
3) Electroencephalogram (EEG) - records
electrical
activity of the brain.
4) Scans - (CAT), (MRI), and (PET)
Brain Scans and Type
Medical Note: A CT Scan (or CAT Scan) and an MRI operate differently and are better suited for different types of diagnoses. An MRI suited for examining
soft tissue, (e.g. ligament and tendon injury, spinal cord injury, brain tumors etc.) while a CT scan is better suited for bone injuries, lung and chest imaging,
and detecting cancers. CT scans are widely used in emergency rooms because the procedure takes less than 5 minutes. An MRI, on the other hand, can take up
to 30 minutes. An MRI typically costs more than a CT scan. One advantage of an MRI is that it does not use radiation while CAT scans do. This radiation is
harmful if there is repeated exposure. A PET scan uses nuclear medicine imaging to produce a three-dimensional picture of functional processes in the body.
PET scans provide metabolic information and are increasingly read alongside CT or MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) scans, which provide anatomic
information.
CAT
MRI
PET
Concussions In Sport
- 60 Minutes “A Blow to the Brain”
-35 seconds to 1:12 and 14:45 to 27:20.
Concussion: By the Numbers
● CDC estimates reveal that 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year
● 5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion in any given sport season
● Fewer than 10% of sport related concussions involve a Loss of Consciousness (e.g., blacking out,
seeing stars, etc.)
● Football is the most common sport with concussion risk for males (75% chance for concussion)
● Soccer is the most common sport with concussion risk for females (50% chance for concussion)
● 78% of concussions occur during games (as opposed to practices)
● Some studies suggest that females are twice as likely to sustain a concussion as males
● Headache (85%) and Dizziness (70-80%) are most commonly reported symptoms immediately following
concussions for injured athletes
● Estimated 47% of athletes do not report feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow
● A professional football player will receive an estimated 900 to 1500 blows to the head during a season
● Impact speed of a professional boxers punch: 20mph
● Impact speed of a football player tackling a stationary player: 25mph
● Impact speed of a soccer ball being headed by a player: 70mph
Chapter 3 Section 2 Review
Secrets of the Human Brain Video
-E.Q. - Identify the major structures of the brain,
and explain the functions of each structure.
-2 video reflections on Documentary
Chapter 3 Section 3 E.Q.
Identify the hormones secreted by the major glands of the
endocrine system and the role each one plays.
-The endocrine system consists of glands that
secrete chemicals called hormones into the
bloodstream
-Hormones stimulate many kinds of reactions
-The can circulate throughout the bloodstream,
but only received at a specific place
The Endocrine System (Cont.)
-Hormones are produced by the pituitary gland,
the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and the
testes and the ovaries
Endocrine (Cont.)
-Under the direction of the hypothalamus, the
pituitary gland acts as the “master gland”
-The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone
(HGH), and controls reproduction including
ovulation and lactation in females (prolactin and
oxytocin)
H.G.H.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Endocrine (Cont.)
-The Thyroid gland produces the hormone
thyroxin. Too little makes people feel lazy and
too much makes them overactive. (regulates
metabolic rate)
Steroids, adrenaline, and
noradrenaline
Endocrine (Cont.)
-The Adrenal glands become active when a
person is angry or frightened.
-They release adrenaline into the bloodstream
causing the heartbeat and breathing to
increase.
-Controls: salt/carbohydrate metabolism,
control inflammatory reactions, arousal/sleep.
Power of Adrenaline Video
Endocrine (Cont.)
-The testes in males and the ovaries in females
produce testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone.
-Interesting Fact:
-30 different hormones travel at the speed of
of one foot per second (Speed of Blood)
Endocrine System Review Video
Section 3 Review
List and describe the role of hormones
produced by the pituitary gland, the thyroid
glands, and the testes and ovaries.
Preferences and why?
-Favorite color?
-Favorite food?
-Favorite team?
-Favorite music?
-Favorite activities/vacations?
-Favorite classes?
-Phobias?
Chapter 3 Section 4 E.Q.
Explain the role of chromosomes and genes in heredity,
and evaluate the methods used by psychologists to study
the role of heredity in determining traits.
-Heredity is the transmission of characteristics
from parents to children. Psychological traits
and disorders, as well as physical traits, may
be influenced by heredity. (hair, height, eye)
Heredity (Cont.)
-Traits are determined by pairs of genes within
the chromosomes of each human cell.
-Complex psychological traits may be
controlled by a combination of genes. 22 of 23
male/female
(46 total chromosomes - if extra = Down Syndrome
Heredity (Cont.)
-The “Nature-Nurture debate” is a long-standing
controversy in human psychology.
-Most psychologists today agree that nature
and nurture interact to produce a person’s traits
and personality.
Heredity (Cont.)
Identical Twins Studies Video
-Researchers use kinships studies to try to
determine the influences of heredity and
environment on psychological traits.
-Studies have included twins, twins reared
apart, and adoptees.
Chapter 3 Section 4 Review
-Define Gene and Chromosome.
-Describe two methods used to study the role
of heredity in determining traits.
-Twin studies
-Adoptee studies
-Twins reared apart
Chapter 3 Review
-Chapter 3 Graphic Organizer
-Read Chapter 3 Summary Review Pg. 74
-Complete “Term and Concept” Review #’s 110 Pg. 75
-Chapter 3 Test Wednesday!