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HUMAN BODY 2 REVIEW SHEET Name date period CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: 1. What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? TRANSPORTING CELLS THAT FIGHT DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS, CARRYING WASTE PRODUCTS AWAY FROM CELLS AND CARRYING NEEDED MATERIALS TO THE CELLS. 2. What is the function of the atria? Ventricles? ATRIA- RECEIVE BLOOD COMING TO THE HEART. VENTRICLE-PUMP BLOOD OUT OF THE HEART. 3. Describe the path of blood as it returns to the heart from the body. (begin with the right atrium). RIGHT ATRIUM-RIGHT VENTRICLE- LUNGS-LEFT ATRIUM-LEFT VENTRICEL-BODY. 4. What are the components of blood? PLASMA, RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS. 5. In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells? CAPPILARIES 6. What process are platelets involved in? BLOOD CLOTING 7. How are blood types determined? MARKER MOLECULES ON RED BLOOD CELLS 8. What is the blood type of a person with anti-A clumping proteins? A person with anti-B clumping proteins? ANTI –A TYPE B ANTI-B TYPE A 9. What eventually happens to fluid that leaks from capillaries? RETURNS TO BLOOD THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 10. What is the function of lymph nodes? TO CATCH DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS 11. What is your pulse rate? HEART BEATS PER MINUTE. 12. How many loops in the human circulatory system? 2 Respiratory system and respiration: 1. What substances are produced during respiration? CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER. 2. Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur? What gasses are exchanged? ALVEOLI, OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE 3. What is the dome shaped muscle involved in breathing called? DIAPHRAGM. 4. What is each alveolus surrounded by? CAPPILARIES Excretory system: 1. What is the function of the excretory system? TO COLLECT AND REMOVE WASTES FROM THE BODY. 2. Describe the roles of the kidneys, skin, lungs, liver and bladder in excretion. KIDNEYS- PRODUCE URINE SKIN- ELIMINATES CHEMICAL WASTES IN PERSPIRATION LUNGS- ELIMINATE CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER LIVER- PRODUCES UREA FROM PROTEINS BLADDER- STORES URINE TILL IT LEAVES THE BODY. 3. What are nephrons? FILTERING STRUCTURES IN THE KIDNEY’S Nervous system: 1. Describe the parts and the functions of those parts, in a neuron. DENDRITES- CARRY IMPULSES TOWARDS THE CELL BODY. AXONS- CARRY IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY. CELL BODY- CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS. 2. Describe the function of sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons. SENSORY- PICKS UP STIMULI MOTOR- SENDS IMPULSE TO A MUSCLE OR GLAND INTER- CONNECTS NEURONS. 3. What makes up the central nervous system? BRAIN AND SPINAL CHORD. 4. What is a synapse? THE GAP BETWEEN 2 NEURONS. 5. What is a reflex? AN AUTOMATIC RESPONSE THAT OCCURS RAPIDLY WITHOUT CONSCIOUS CONTROL. Endocrine system: 1. What are the chemical products of the endocrine system called? HORMONES 2. Describe negative feedback in the endocrine system. A PROCESS WHERE A SYSTEM IS SHUT OFF BY THE CONDITION IT PRODUCES. 3. What are the roles of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the endocrine system? HYPOTHALAMUS- LINKS THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS. PITUITARY- GLAND THAT CONTROLS MANY BODY ACTIVITIES. (COMMUNICATES WITH THE HYPOTHALAMUS). Senses: 1. What is the name of the opening through which light enters the eye? PUPIL. 2. What are nearsightedness and farsightedness caused by? A DEFECT IN THE SHAPE OF THE EYEBALL. 3. What produces sound? VIBRATING MATERIAL. 4. What is detected by the senses of smell and taste? CHEMICALS. 5. Why is pain important? ALERTS THE BODY TO DANGER. 6. The image produced by the eye is UPSIDE DOWN. 7. Describe the roles of cones and rods. CONES- SEE COLRS IN BRIGHT LIGHT. RODS- SEE BLACK WHITE AND GREY IN DIM LIGHT. 8. Where are the structures that help you to maintain balance located? INNER EAR.