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COURSE: 7065 Parenting and Child Development COMPETENCY: 4.00 B2 18 OBJECTIVE: 4.03 B2 6% UNIT: B Child Development Understand development and care of the infant. Understand brain, cognitive, and language development of the infant. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: *How can the caregiver stimulate brain development in an infant? *How does each of the five senses affect an infant’s learning? *How do infants attempt to communicate? *In what ways can caregivers aid in the language development of infants? UNPACKED CONTENT Brain and cognitive development of the infant Parts of the brain and their functions Brain stem---controls involuntary activities such as breathing Cerebrum---directs motor activities Cerebellum---controls muscular coordination, balance, and posture Pituitary gland---releases hormones that control metabolism and sexual development Spinal cord---controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain Thalamus---controls the way emotions are expressed How the brain works Neurons---nerve cells in the brain that control body functions Dendrites---parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons Cell body---the main part of each neuron that processes information Axons---transmits information from one neuron to another Myelin---coats the axon and make information transformation easier Neurotransmitters---chemicals released by the axons Synapses---tiny gaps between neurons that information must pass through to send signals Stimulating brain development Keep experiences simple and natural Match experiences to the child’s cognitive abilities Establish routines and repeat experiences to reinforce learning Actively involve the infant Provide a variety of experiences, but avoid overload Avoid pushing infants to learn faster Stimulate senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch to enhance learning Piaget’s Theories of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor period Six stages of sensorimotor period OBJECTIVE: 4.03 B2 6% Understand brain, cognitive, and language development of the infant. UNPACKED CONTENT Characteristics of language development of an infant Ways infants communicate verbally Crying ° Reasons for crying To communicate discomfort, hunger, anger, or pain To bring a response Cooing ° Begin cooing at 6-8 weeks ° Coo more when talked to, smiled at, and touched Babbling ° Begin babbling at 4-5 months ° Vowel and consonant sounds slowly added to form symbols First words ° Occur at 10-12 months ° Same sound used more than once to refer to person, place, or event • • Ways infants communicate nonverbally Reaching for or pointing Clinging Pushing away Stimulating language development Give positive feedback as infants attempt to communicate Speak clearly using simple words Avoid using baby talk Talk about activities and things around them