* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Nervous System Introducion
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke wikipedia , lookup
Node of Ranvier wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Neuroethology wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
The Nervous System Introducion Overview • Functions • Organization • Protection Functions • Monitor activities of body parts sensory neurons • Communicate between body parts associative neurons • Command necessary action - motor neurons Functions • The nervous system is a fast acting control center; it gathers, integrates, stores and recalls information, and acts upon that information to ensure survival. Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) -brain -spinal cord Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) -cranial nerves -spinal nerves • Has two subdivisions: somatic & autonomic Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Somatic nervous system - voluntary, contains sensory & motor neurons; stimulates skeletal muscle Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Autonomic nervous system involuntary; controls action of cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands • Two subdivisions: sympathetic & parasympathetic Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Sympathetic system = “fight or flight” response activated during times of stress = increased heart rate, blood pressure, etc. • Also referred to as the “E” system for exercise, excitement, emergency, & embarrassment Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Parasympathetic system = “housekeeping” in effect most of the time; maintains homeostasis • Also referred to as the “D” system for digestion, defecation, and diuresis (urination) Protection of the Nervous System • Bones - skull protects brain; vertebrae protect spinal cord • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - watery fluid formed from plasma that circulates through the central nervous system and function as a shock absorber Protection of the Nervous System • Blood-Brain Barrier - made of the least permeable capillaries in the body, keeps neurons separated from many substances in the body to help prevent uncontrolled neural activity Protection of the Nervous System • Blood-Brain Barrier - keeps out metabolic wastes such as urea, toxins, proteins, and most drugs -also keeps out nonessential amino acids and potassium -does allow essential amino acid, water and glucose Protection of the Nervous System QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Protection of the Nervous System • Meninges - 3 layered connective tissue membranes that cover & protect the brain and spinal cord • Layers in order of outermost to innermost: Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, and Pia mater Meninges • Dura mater = “tough mother”, leathery and made up of two layers that forms the outer covering of the brain as well as the periosteum of the skull Meninges • Arachnoid membrane - middle layer with threadlike extensions giving a cobweb like appearance. Has subarachnoid filled with CSF Meninges • Pia mater = “gentle mother”, innermost layer, delicate and highly vascularized (rich blood supply) The End!