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Nervous System
Overview
Divided into Two Parts:
• Central (CNS)
• Peripheral (PNS)
http://www.morphonix.com
Central Nervous System
• Brain
• Spinal cord
Brain
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem
Cerebrum
Cerebral Cortex
• Coordinates
– Thinking and learning
– Creativity
– Five senses
– Memory and emotion
– Problem-solving
– Decisions
http://www.morphonix.com
Hippocampus
• Stores and processes memories
• Helps find memories
• Affects emotions
http://www.morphonix.com
Cerebellum
• Coordinates
– Most muscles
– Movement
– Learned skills
http://www.morphonix.com
Cerebellum
• Receives messages
from most of the
muscles in your body
• Communicates with the
other parts of the brain
• Sends messages about
movement and balance
back to your body
http://www.morphonix.com
Brain Stem
• Coordinates
– Heartbeat
– Breathing
– Digestion
– Swallowing
– Blinking
http://www.morphonix.com
Spinal Cord
• Bundle of nerves that carries messages
between the brain and the rest of the body.
• Long tube of nerve tissue running from the
brain down the length of the back inside of
the spine
http://www.merck.com
http://www.paraquad.asn.au/
Peripheral Nervous System
• Somatic NS
– Sensory nerves
– Motor nerves
– Messages between brain and body
– CONTROLS VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
• Autonomic NS
– Controls organs and some muscles
– CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
Neurons
Nerve Cells
• Parts
– Soma
– Dendrites
– Axon
• Carry messages
– Called impulses
http://www.morphonix.com
Synapse
• Small space across which an impulse
moves from an axon to the dendrites or
cell body of another neuron
Stimulus-Response
• Stimulus (stimuli)
– Anything that the body can react or respond
to
• May be internal or external
• Response – the reaction to stimuli
http://www.bbc.co.uk
http://www.infovisual.info
Impulses are picked up by DENDRITES and travel
down the AXON.
1. Stimuli comes into the
brain through the five
senses. The nerves that
bring stimuli into the body
are SENSORY neurons.
2. The impulse travels
through
INTERNEURONS.
3. When the impulse
reaches the MOTOR
neuron, the response
occurs.
home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/IHP2.html
Diversity of Nervous Systems
Simple, slow moving animals like hydra have neurons arranged in a network
of bipolar neurons called a nerve net.