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Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System 1.Receives information from outside and inside the body 2. Responds to the information 3. Helps the body maintain homeostasis School House Rock Telegraph Video Vocabulary to Know • Homeostasis – Maintaining steady conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment 2 parts of the nervous system The Nervous System – 2 Parts • I. peripheral nervous system - all the nerves outside the CNS. • II. central nervous system – - brain and spinal cord. I. Peripheral Nervous System Connects body to brain & spinal cord Made of: Neurons / Nerve Cells – Basic functioning units of the nervous system Draw in notebook to label as discussed. Nerve Cells / Nerve Tissue Nerve Cells • Axons carry impulses away from the cell body. Nerve Cells • Dendrites They grow when you learn. Synapses Synapse - A small space between neurons Neurotransmitters – Chemical messages that jump the synapse. Impulse - A message carried by a neuron. An impulse moves in only one direction across a synapse - from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. Types of neurons Sensory neurons – Picks up messages from the senses. Inter-neurons – In spinal cord or brain and transfers messages to the motor neurons. Motor neurons - Sends impulses to muscles. II. The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord Pushing the Limits – Brain 43 The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord The Brain Brain Recognition The Brain • Coordinates body activities • Made up of approximately 100 billion neurons • Divided into three major parts–the cerebrum –the cerebellum –the brain stem. Cerebrum The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord Cerebrum - Largest part of the brain. - Interprets senses, stores memory. Interactive The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord Cerebellum - Maintains balance, muscle movement, & coordination http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/brain/brain.html Cerebellum The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord Brain Stem - At the base of the brain (Medulla) - - controls your involuntary functions. Brain Stem Memory Games • Short Term Memory Test • Short Term Memory Picture Test The Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord Spinal Cord - The link between your brain and peripheral nervous system The Peripheral Nervous System Your brain and spinal Somatic cord are and connected Autonomic to the rest Systems of your The body by peripheral the nervous peripheral system has nervous two major system. divisions. The PNS is made up somatic of 12 pairs system of nerves controls from your voluntary brain It actions. called is made up cranial of the nerves, and cranial and 31 spinal pairs from nerves that your go from spinal the cord called central spinal nervous nerves. to system Spinal your nerves are skeletal made up of muscles. bundles of The sensory autonomic and motor system neurons controls bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom and glandular more information the functions. brain at about the These same the two nervous time. divisions, Some system. nerves along with Make contain the central a brochure only nervous outlining sensory system, recentup neurons, make medical and your some advances. contain body's only motor nervous neurons, system. but most nerves contain both types of neurons. Reflexes • reflex -an involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus. • You can’t control reflexes because they occur before you know what has happened. Reaction Time Activity Reflexes • A reflex allows the body to respond without having to think about what action to take. • Reflex responses are controlled in your spinal cord, not in your brain. How the Body Works Senses • Sight • Tasting • Hearing • Touching • Smelling How do you see? Cornea – shields the pupil and iris. Pupil – an opening that controls light needed to see. Iris – smooth muscle that controls pupil. Lens - Focuses the image on the retina. Retina – cells in the back of the eye that send nerve impulses to the brain. Brain and Eye Working Together Optical Illusions More Illusions What are “Optical Illusions?” • http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ Hearing The Outer Ear • Intercepts sound waves and funnels them down the ear canal to the middle ear. Middle Ear • hammer, anvil, and stirrup – sound waves change to vibrations. The Inner Ear • 1. cochlea - a fluid-filled structure like a snail’s shell with hair-like structures • - pick up vibrations to send to brain. 2. Semi-circular Canal – controls balance. Smell • We smell molecules in the air. Taste • Taste buds on your tongue sensory receptors for taste. • six types of touch receptors in your skinhot, cold, pain, pressure, touch, and one for fine touch. Touch Mapping Activity Alcohol and Your Nervous System Alcohol is a depressant. Depressants – slow the body systems down. Reflexes are slowed down, vision is distorted, messages are sent to the brain by the sensory neurons slower and the motor neurons respond slower. BAC – Blood Alcohol Content http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugs-alcohol.aspx?id=search_properAlcohol# Caffeine and Your Nervous System Caffeine is a stimulant. Stimulant – a drug that speeds up the nervous system. The Amazing Brain 49