Download C8003 Psychobiology Sample Paper 2015

Candidate Number
C8003
THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
BSc First Year Examination 2015
PSYCHOBIOLOGY
SAMPLE PAPER
Date
Time
DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL INSTRUCTED
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Candidates must attempt ALL questions
Time allowed: 1 hour
The answers, one to each question, should be marked on the answer sheet
provided (place a cross in the relevant box to indicate your answer: a, b, c or d).
There are 50 questions.
INSTRUCTIONS
1.
Do not write your name on the question paper (or answer sheet).
2.
Do not tear off any part of this question paper.
3.
At the end of the examination the question paper and/or answer sheet, used or
unused, will be collected from you before you leave the examination room;
C8003
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
1. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the mammalian central nervous
system?
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Pons
(c) Spinal cord
(d) Vagus
2. Strokes are most commonly caused by:
(a) Interruptions in the cerebral blood supply
(b) Burst cerebral blood vessels
(c) A severe epiletic attach
(d) Loss of consciousness
3. Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is
CORRECT?
(a) Parasympapthetic nerves arise in the midbrain, innervate the heart and
decrease heartrate when activated
(b) Parasympapthetic nerves arise in the hindbrain, innervate the heart and
increase heartrate when activated
(c) The autonomic nervous system is composed of sympathetic and
parasympathetic components
(d) Sympathetic nerves arise in the hindbrain, innervate the heart and decrease
heartrate when activated
4. Which of the following words best describes the relationship of the
cerebellum to the pons in the human brain?
(a) Ventral
(b) Rostral
(c) Dorsal
(d) Parasagittal
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C8003
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
5. Lesions of the right parietal lobe are often associated with cognitive deficits.
Which of the following might be observed in such case?
(a) Aphasia
(b) Acalculia
(c) Weakness on the left side of the body
(d) Neglect of the left side of the body
6. The descending, or repolarising, phase of an action potential is associated with which
of the following types of ionic movement?
(a) Chloride moves into the axon
(b) Sodium moves in to the axon
(c) Potassium moves into the axon
(d) Potassium moves out of the axon
7. Which of the following statements about action potentials and synapses is
CORRECT?
(a) Action potentials involve hyperpolarisation of the neuron
(b) Intense stimuli increase the size of the action potential
(c) Intense stimuli increase neurotransmitter release at the synapse
(d) Glutamate is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian nervous system
8. Which of the following statements about anxiety is CORRECT?
(a) Increase heart rate in anxiety results from activation of the
sympathetic nervous system
(b) Benzodiazepines enhance the effectiveness of glutamate at
glutamatergic synapses
(c) Activation of the locus coeruleus reduces the processing of threat related
stimuli
(d) Damage to the amygdala is likely to increase responsiveness to threat
related stimuli
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C8003
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
9. Which of the following statements about GABAergic synapses is CORRECT?
(a) GABA depolarises the postsynaptic cell as a consequence of chloride
movement into that cell
(b) GABA-A receptors have a single binding site at which GABA and alcohol
interact
(c) GABA is taken up into the presynaptic cell after it acts at the receptor
(d) GABA-A receptors require second messenger systems to have their
postsynaptic effect
10. Which of the following statements about benzodiazepines, such as Valium, is
CORRECT?
(a) Benzodiazepines may reduce anxiety by acting on areas of the
hippocampus involved in processing threat-related stimuli
(b) Benzodiazepines may inhibit the flow of negatively charged chloride
ions into nerve cells
(c) Benzodiazepines may reduce anxiety by acting on receptors for the
neurotransmitter GABA
(d) Benzodiazepines may reduce anxiety by acting on areas of the visual
cortex involved in processing threat-related stimuli
11. Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone?
(a) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
(b) Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)
(c) Cortisol
(d) Insulin
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12.
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is CORRECT?
(a) The size of the lateral ventricles is frequently reduced in
schizophrenia
(b) Drugs that mimic dopamine are useful in the treatment of
schizophrenia
(c) A gene located on the human chromosome 7 is strongly and reliably
linked to the development of schizophrenia
(d) None of the above is correct
13.
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is CORRECT?
(a) Base rate liability of schizophrenia is about 5% and is raised to 40% is
first degree relatives
(b) Base rate liability of schizophrenia is about 1% and is about 4% in second
degree relatives
(c) The concordance rate for schizophrenia in non-identical twins is about
60%
(d) The concordance rate for schizophrenia in non-identical twins is 50%
14.
Which of the following actions do all antipsychotic drugs share?
(a) Agonists at noradrenalin receptors
(b) Antagonists at dopamine receptors
(c) Agonists at noradrenalin receptors
(d) Antagonists at cholinergic receptors
15.
Which of the following statements about misused drugs is CORRECT?
(a) Cocaine has its primary effect on brain serotonin systems
(b) The major active constituents of cannabis mimics the action of
transmitters known as endocannabinoids
(c) All effects of amphetamine show tolerance with repeated drug use
(d) With repeated cocaine use ‘wanting’ is likely to decrease but ‘liking’ will
increase
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16.
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
Which of the following brain structures is activated by viewing a funny
cartoon?
(a) Raphe nucleus
(b) Ventral striatum
(c) Parietal lobe
(d) Hypothalamus
17.
Which of the following neurotransmitters systems does ecstacy (MDMA, or 3,4methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine) interact with?
(a) Serotonin
(b) Dopamine
(c) GABA
(d) Glutamate
18.
Remembering when you last went out for dinner to a restaurant is an example
of?
(a) Episodic memory
(b) Semantic memory
(c) Procedural memory
(d) Non-declarative memory
19.
Eric Kandel's research with Alypsia californica found that repeated exposure to a
weak tactile stimulus leads to a reduced withdrawal reaction, or ______?
(a) Operant conditioning
(b) Habituation
(c) Classical conditioning
(d) Sensitization
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20.
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
In an advertisement making use of classical conditioning, sexual imagery
is the and the product being sold is the _________ :
(a) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS); unconditioned response (UCR)
(b) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS); conditioned stimulus (CS)
(c) Conditioned stimulus (CS); conditioned response (CR)
(d) Conditioned stimulus (CS); unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
21.
A schedule of reinforcement in which a rat is reinforced for pressing a lever
20 times to receive a food pellet is called?
(a) A fixed interval schedule
(b) A fixed ratio schedule
(c) A continuous reinforcement schedule
(d) A variable interval schedule
22.
Patient H. M., the most studied case in neuroscience, had which area of his
brain removed to control his severe epilepsy?
(a) Medial-parietal lobe
(b) Frontal-lobe
(c) Medial-temporal lobe
(d) Posterior-parietal lobe
23.
According to Walter Cannon:
(a) Emotions can never be 'experienced' until the body has time to react
(b) The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the feeling of
emotion
(c) Animals without a sympathetic nervous system can still experience emotion
(d) Animals without an amygdala cannot experience emotion
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24.
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
Which Nobel-prize winning physiologist was first showed how simple forms
of learning are mediated by changes in synaptic transmission?
(a) Eric Kandel
(b) Arvid Carlson
(c) Santiago Ramon y Cajal
(d) Ivan Pavlov
25. According to the James-Lange theory, it is the ______ that tells the conscious
brain it is experiencing emotion.
(a) Amygdala
(b) Visual sensation of the emotional stimulus
(c) The physiological feedback from the body
(d) Hypothalamus
26.
A mechanism that works to keep body functions within a certain narrow range
is known as:
(a) A non-regulatory mechanism
(b) A drive
(c) An innate releasing mechanism
(d) A homeostatic mechanism
27. The existence of the limbic lobe was first recognised in 1878 by:
(a) Franz Gall
(b) Karl Wernicke
(c) John Hughlings Jackson
(d) Paul Broca
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
28. New technologies have made it possible for researchers to record changes in
electrical activity in individual neurons of the brain. Using these techniques,
experiments have demonstrated that repeated, strong bursts of electrical
stimulation to a presynaptic neuron results in a long-lasting synaptic changes such
that the post-synaptic neuron shows a greater electrical response (EPSP). This
phenomenon is called?
(a) A reverberating neural ensemble
(b) Neurogenesis
(c) Long-term potentiation
(d) Conditioning
29. Jennifer is thirsty. If she is experiencing osmotic thirst, we can assume:
(a) Her mouth is dry
(b) She has a high concentration of NaCl in her intracellular fluid
(c) She has experienced an increase in extracellular fluid
(d) She has been sweating profusely
30. Which of the following 2 peptide hormones serve as satiety and hunger signals,
respectively?
(a) Polypeptide Y and Ghrelin
(b) Ghrelin and orexin
(c) Orexin and Leptin
(d) Cholecystokinin and Leptin
31. The type of associative learning first described by Ivan Pavlov is dependent on
normal functioning of which brain region?
(a) The hippocampus
(b) The striatum
(c) The amygdala
(d) The pons
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
32. Thirst cause by changes in intracellular salt loss is called?
(a) Osmometric thirst
(b) Anticipatory thrist
(c) Hypovolemic thirst
(d) Volumetric thirst
33. In the Papaz circuit, the ______ projects to the hypothalamus via a long arcing
pathway called the fornix.
(a) Amygdala
(b) Cingulate cortex
(c) Hippocampus
(d) Frontal cortex
34. Functional brain imaging studies with human cocaine addicts have demonstrated
that merely viewing videos associated with using cocaine:
(a) Increases self-reports of drug craving and activates the amygdala, orbital
frontal cortex and anterior cigulate
(b) Increased feelings of withdrawal, and activated areas of the brain involved in
stress
(c) Increased self-reports of drug craving but had no reliable effect on brain
activity
(d) Led to abstinent addicts relapsing shortly after finishing the experiment
35. Which of the following statements about the evolution of group living is FALSE?
(a) Some animals live in groups because this enhances their competitive
ability
(b) Some animals live in groups because this is good for the survival of the
species
(c) Some animals live in groups because individuals can pass on more of
their genes this way
(d) Some animals live in groups and help close kin to breed because this
enhances their own fitness
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
36. Indirect benefits to group living refer to:
(a) Non-genetic benefits
(b) Genetic benefits
(c) Anti-predator benefits
(d) None of the above
37. In non-human primate social groups, which of the following signals are NOT
used to appease opponents after fights?
(a) Grunts
(b) Threat faces
(c) Grooming
(d) All of the above are used in appeasement
38. Which of the following is NOT thought to be a product of sexual selection?
(a) Roaring in red deer
(b) Eye-spots on peacock tails
(c) Alarm calling in monkeys
(d) Croaking in frogs
39. Which of the following statements about song repertoires in birds are FALSE?
If all are true choose d).
(a) The repertoire describes the number of songs that a male sings
(b) Males that sing larger repertoires of songs are usually fitter
(c) Females often prefer males that sing large repertoires of songs
(d) All of the above are true
40. Resource Holding Potential would be the correct term for:
(a) Fighting ability
(b) Hunting ability
(c) Predator avoidance
(d) None of the above
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
41. Which of the following best describes referential signalling?
(a) Signalling about predators
(b) The use of an arbitrary language
(c) Signalling about close relatives
(d) Using signals to denote external objects and events
42. Dasser’s work on captive java monkeys demonstrated that these monkeys were
capable of recognising:
(a) Predators
(b) Mother-offspring relationships
(c) Other groups
(d) None of the above
43.
Which of the following would NOT be expected to affect an individual’s
dominance rank in non-human primates? If all might affect dominance rank
choose d).
(a) Mother’s dominance rank
(b) Body size
(c) Dominance rank of alliance partners
(d) All of the above could affect dominance rank
44. Which of the following statements best describes cultural evolution?
(a) Evolution of mind
(b) Transmission of behaviour between generations through social learning
(c) Genetic transmission of behaviour between generations
(d) None of the above
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
45. Which of the following is NOT typically found in chimpanzees?
(a) Co-operative hunting
(b) Tool use
(c) A monogamous mating system
(d) A fission-fusion society
46. The environment in which much of human evolution occurred is often referred
to as:
(a) The Evolutionary Environment for Adaptation
(b) The Adaptation Environment
(c) The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness
(d) The Cenozoic
47. Daly & Wilson’s study of care of genetic versus non-genetic offspring claims
to provide evidence of:
(a) Reciprocal altruism
(b) Kin selection
(c) Sexual selection
(d) None of the above
48. Which of the following is TRUE? Sexual dimorphism is typically:
(a) Greater in monogamous than polygynous mating systems
(b) Greater in polygynous than monogamous mating systems
(c) Greater where males have higher potential reproductive rates than females
(d) b and c are both true
[Note: If d is the correct answer, no credit will be given for answering b or c.]
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C8003
Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
49. When Darwin talked of the “survival of the fittest”, he was specifically referring
to the survival of individuals that were:
(a) Better able to pass on their own genes to the next generation
(b) Healthier
(c) More aggressive
(d) Better able to escape from predators
50. Workman and colleagues propose that hemispheric specialization in emotional
processing is best summarized as:
(a) Right hemisphere processing for pro-social expressions
(b) Left hemisphere processing for pro-social expressions
(c) Right hemisphere processing for anti-social expressions
(d)
b AND c above
[Note: If d is the correct answer, no credit will be given for answering b or c.]
END OF PAPER
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Psychobiology
SAMPLE PAPER 2015
ANSWERS
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d
a
c
c
d
d
c
a
c
c
c
d
b
b
b
b
a
a
b
b
b
c
c
a
c
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d
d
c
b
a
c
a
c
a
b
b
b
c
d
a
d
b
d
b
c
c
b
d
a
d
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