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Aim: How do scientists utilize recombinant DNA technology? Why does Spiderman have these special powers? What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a new process that scientists use to alter the genetic instructions in organisms. What is a Gene? A gene is a sequence of DNA on a one chromosome that codes for _______ protein. Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits? DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits. Why would scientists want to alter the genetic instructions of organisms? + Scientists can generate organisms with desired characteristics. How is DNA Modified? Step 1: DNA is first extracted (removed) from cells. ..ATGAATTCT.. ..TACTTAAGA.. ..ATGAATTCT.. +..TACTTAAGA.. DNA DNA How is DNA Modified? Step 2: DNA is then cut into smaller pieces with Restriction Enzymes. ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA ATG AATTCT TACTTAA GA Restriction enzymes are “scissor-like” enzymes that recognize and cut specific sequences in the DNA. What base sequence was this restriction enzyme specific for? GA What base sequences were these Restriction Enzymes specific for? “Sticky Ends” ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA ATG AATTCT TACTTAA GA “Sticky Ends” GA GCATTACGTT CGTAATGCAA G CATTAC GTT C GTAATG CAA GC How is DNA Modified? Step 3: The cut DNA sequence is then combined with the DNA of another organism. ATG AATTCT + TACTTAA GA Cut DNA Cut DNA from another cell ATGAATTCT TACTTAAGA DNA from 2 sources What do we call DNA that comes from 2 sources? Source 1 Source 2 Recombinant DNA Gene Splicing DNA Ligase The process that allows scientists to attach pieces of DNA segments to the DNA of other organisms is called: GENE SPLICING How is DNA Modified? Step 4: The recombinant DNA is then placed inside a living cell. “Cut DNA” + - What will the “Cut DNA” recombined DNA do? It will allow for the production of proteins from both sources of DNA. Recombinant DNA Steps of Genetic Engineering: 1)Scientists can target and identify a gene. 2)Cut the gene with restriction enzymes. Steps of Genetic Engineering: 3)This gene is then “spliced” to the DNA of another organism. 4)Once in the new organism, the transferred genes direct the new organism’s cells to make the same protein as the original organism. Applications of Genetic Engineering: Cloning ‘Designer Babies’ Gene therapy Medical Improvements GMO