Download What is Genetic Engineering?

Aim: How do scientists utilize
recombinant DNA technology?
Why does Spiderman have these
special powers?
What is Genetic Engineering?
Genetic Engineering is a new process
that scientists use to alter the genetic
instructions in organisms.
What is a Gene?
A gene is a sequence of DNA on a
one
chromosome that codes for _______
protein.
Why would altering DNA affect our
characteristics/traits?
DNA codes for the proteins that
determine our traits.
Why would scientists want to alter the
genetic instructions of organisms?
+
Scientists can generate organisms
with desired characteristics.
How is DNA Modified?
Step 1: DNA is first extracted
(removed) from cells.
..ATGAATTCT..
..TACTTAAGA..
..ATGAATTCT..
+..TACTTAAGA..
DNA
DNA
How is DNA Modified?
Step 2: DNA is then cut into smaller
pieces with Restriction Enzymes.
ATGAATTCT
TACTTAAGA
ATG
AATTCT
TACTTAA
GA
Restriction enzymes are
“scissor-like” enzymes that
recognize and cut specific
sequences in the DNA.
What base sequence was this restriction
enzyme specific for? GA
What base sequences were these
Restriction Enzymes specific for?
“Sticky Ends”
ATGAATTCT
TACTTAAGA
ATG
AATTCT
TACTTAA
GA
“Sticky Ends”
GA
GCATTACGTT
CGTAATGCAA
G CATTAC GTT
C GTAATG CAA
GC
How is DNA Modified?
Step 3: The cut DNA sequence is then
combined with the DNA of another
organism.
ATG
AATTCT
+
TACTTAA
GA
Cut DNA
Cut DNA from
another cell
ATGAATTCT
TACTTAAGA
DNA from
2 sources
What do we call DNA that comes
from 2 sources?
Source 1
Source 2
Recombinant DNA
Gene Splicing
DNA
Ligase
The process that allows scientists to
attach pieces of DNA segments to the
DNA of other organisms is called:
GENE SPLICING
How is DNA Modified?
Step 4: The recombinant DNA is then
placed inside a living cell.
“Cut DNA”
+
- What will the
“Cut DNA”
recombined DNA do?
It will allow for the production of
proteins from both sources of DNA.
Recombinant DNA
Steps of Genetic Engineering:
1)Scientists can target and identify a
gene.
2)Cut the gene with restriction
enzymes.
Steps of Genetic Engineering:
3)This gene is then
“spliced” to the
DNA of another
organism.
4)Once in the new organism,
the transferred genes direct
the new organism’s cells to
make the same protein as the
original organism.
Applications of Genetic Engineering:
Cloning
‘Designer
Babies’
Gene
therapy
Medical
Improvements
GMO