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QOD If you have much, give your wealth. If you have little, give your heart. ROD Nervous System Made up of the: Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nerves Carries messages around the body (to and from the brain) Senses the environment and coordinates an appropriate response Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal cord Brain: protected by the skull Spinal cord: protected by the spine Both surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid Cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury Transports chemicals Removes waste that are produced by the brain Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Consists of the nerves that connect the body to the CNS/brain and carries signals It is not protected by any structure Exposed to injury Peripheral Nervous System Relays information about the internal and external environments to the brain Also relays information from the brain to other parts of the body to control the body’s functions and responses Peripheral Nervous System Can be divided into three groups of nerves: 1) Nerves that control voluntary muscles 2) Nerves that carry information from the sensory organs to the brain. (Ex. 3) Nerves that regulate involuntary function (Ex. Nervous System Communicates with... Respiratory system change breathing rate Ex Circulatory system change heart rate Ex Digestive system to eat/drink more or to stop Ex Nerve Tissues Made up of special cells called neurons Approximately 100 billion neurons in the brain and also found in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves Neurons Send information around the body by conducting nerve impulses (electrical signals) from one area to another. Axons are covered by myelin which is a fatty material Acts as an insulator - increases speed of transmission Prevents impulses from leaving the neuron Nerves Are bundles of neurons surrounded by connective tissue Allow a two-way flow of information even though each neuron transmits information only in one direction Regeneration: Neurons in the CNS don’t easily regenerate Neurons in the PNS can regrow to repair a small gap (few millimeters) between nerves Sensory Receptors Receive information from the environment and send them to the CNS to be processed Different parts of the brain process different senses Ex. Spinal Cord Can act as a short cut for reflexes Reflexes: Do not require involvement of the brain Information is sent directly from the periphery to the spinal cord and back. Ex. Diseases & Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Damage to myelin sheath Muscle weakness, slurred speech, difficulty walking Paralysis Damage to the spinal cord Concussions Blows to the head, whiplash Illusions http://www.moillusions.com/2012/12/spinning-girl- illusion-explanation.html Awareness Test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrqrkihlw-s Ames Room http://www.ebaumsworld.com/video/watch/267855/ Say the colour, not the word Today’s tasks Reaction Test Sketch and label Figure 3 on page 105 Pg 107 #1,4,5,6