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Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System Brainiac! What is the function of the nervous system? • The nervous system is made up of the structures that control actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli in the environment. • The nervous system has two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What is the function of the nervous system? • The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. • The brain is the body’s central command organ. • The spinal cord allows the brain to communicate with the rest of the body. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What is the function of the nervous system? • The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. • Involuntary processes are those you have no control over, such as your heart beating. • Voluntary processes are actions your brain can control, such as moving an arm or a leg. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of the CNS? • The CNS is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. • The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is where you think, solve problems, and store memories. • The cerebrum controls voluntary movements and processes information from your senses. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of the CNS? • The cerebellum processes information from your body, keeps track of body position, and coordinates movements. • The brain stem connects your brain to the spinal cord. • A part of the brain stem called the medulla controls involuntary processes in the body. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of the CNS? • Describe the part of the brain that made one activity that you did today possible. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of the CNS? • The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves protected by bones called vertebrae. • Nerves are a collection of nerve-cell extensions bundled together with blood vessels and connective tissue. • The spinal cord carries messages to and from the brain. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System You’ve Got Nerves! How do signals move through the nervous system? • The nervous system translates environmental information into electrical signals. • A neuron is a special cell that moves messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy. • These messages are called impulses. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System How do signals move through the nervous system? • Signals move through the CNS and PNS with the help of glial cells that protect and support neurons. • Sensory neurons gather information from in and around your body and move it to the brain. • Motor neurons move impulses from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of a neuron? • The cell body of a neuron has a nucleus and organelles. • A dendrite is a typically short, branched extension of the cell body. • The cell body gathers information from dendrites and creates an impulse. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of a neuron? • An axon is an extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body. • A neuron has only one axon. • At the end of the axon is the axon terminal that changes the electrical signal to a chemical signal, or neurotransmitter. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 5 The Nervous System What are the parts of a neuron? • How is a message transformed from an electrical message to a chemical message in a neuron? What are disorders of the nervous system? •Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinalcord injuries are disorders of the nervous system. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company