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Information Processing in Motor Learning Chapter 17 Sport Books Publisher 1 Outline Structure and function of the nervous system Information processing and making decisions Feedback in movement control Factors affecting information processing Sport Books Publisher 2 Structure and Function of the Nervous System Sport Books Publisher 3 CNS Control center PNS Connects CNS with the rest of the body Sport Books Publisher 4 The Neuron and Its Function Sport Books Publisher 5 Neuron Nerve cell The fundamental functional and structural unit of the nervous system Allows information to travel throughout the body to various destinations Sport Books Publisher 6 Receptive Segment Cell Body Dendrites: receive message Myelin sheath Conductive Segment Axon: Nodes of Ranvier Transmissive Segment transmits message to terminal ending Terminal ending on muscle: sends off message to adjacent neuron Sport Books Publisher Motor end plate 7 Myelin sheath: fatty covering or insulator Skipping of the impulse allowing faster conduction Sport Books Publisher 8 Types of Neurons Afferent neurons Sensory Carry signals to the brain Interneurons Originate and terminate in CNS Connect afferents and efferents in CNS CNS tissue cross-section Efferent neurons Motor Carry signals from the brain Sport Books Publisher 9 Types of Neurons cont. Sport Books Publisher 10 The Neuron’s Function Receptive Receptive segment (dendrites) – Receives continuous synaptic input (chemical) from other neurons Conductive segment (axon) – Conduction of neural information in the form of nerve impulse (electrical) Conductive Transmissive segment (axon terminals) – Converts electrical nerve impulse to chemical form (neurotransmitter) and sends it off to synapse Transmissive Sport Books Publisher 11 Neural Impulses Transport the information necessary for all activities we carry out The language of the nervous system Relay of impulse within neuron: Rest: polarization Membrane potential = -70 mV Stimulus: depolarization Rest: polarization (mV) +50 Action Potential +40 mV 0 -50 Resting Potential -100 Stimulus Sport Books Publisher 12 The Synapse and Synaptic Transmission SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION OO O O O O . : :.. …. …… …..:: : . : .:.;. . . O O O O •Differ in terms of : •Neurotransmitter used (e.g., acetylcholine or Ach) •General function (e.g., inhibitory vs.excitatory) NEUROTRANSMITTER Sport Books Publisher 13 The Synapse and Synaptic Transmission “All-or-none” law – Synaptic transmission causes action potential when its strength is above a minimum threshold level – Below threshold level = NO action potential – Action potential is always the same intensity regardless of the strength of synaptic transmission above the threshold level – Action potential intensity remains constant along the nerve fibre Sport Books Publisher 14 STIMULUS Indication of Strength of stimulus Refractory Period Absolute Relative Sport Books Publisher 15