Download CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW - Hudson City School District

HONORS BIOLOGY
CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria
and Viruses
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#2 Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or
one-gene-one-protein
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins
(G)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts
even
• ANSWER: Chargaff (D)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus
bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary
transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography
Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin
(A)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of
inside
• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA
structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic
material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages
• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and
phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase
(C)
#2 Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic
material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into:
carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a
centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: (H) Avery,
MacLeod, McCarty
#3 Name ways RNA is different
from DNA:
• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of
Deoxyribose in DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G
RNA A-U C-G
• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of
Double in DNA
• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,
DNA must stay in nucleus
• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot
What three parts of DNA make up
one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:
–sugar
–Phosphate
–Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)
EXTRA: What is the complementary
side of this DNA strand? (DNA –
DNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
What is the complementary mRNA
strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
#4 Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
#4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases
(A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar,
phosphate, base
#4 How can you recognize…
• Pyrimidines? And what bases?
• One ring
• CUT
• Purines? And what bases?
• Two rings
• AG
#5 Which process?
• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER: Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P
site on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation (B)
#5 Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and
protein?
• ANSWER: Translation (D)
#5 What happens at the P and A
sites of a ribosome during
translation?
• A = amino acid is dropped
off
• P = polypeptide builds
• Process is translocation (B)
#6 What does it mean for DNA
• To be semi-conservative?
• When it replicates one parental
strand and one new strand goes to
each daughter cell.
#6 What does it mean for
DNA…
• To be anti-parallel?
• The two strands run side by
side in opposite directions (one
has 5’ at top and the other has
3’ at top)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Unwinds DNA from its spiral
• ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Separates the 2 DNA strands
(breaks H bonds for replication)
• ANSWER: Helicase (D)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Adds nucleotides to DNA for
elongation and also for
proofreading
• ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Binds Okazaki fragments in
the lagging strand
• ANSWER: Ligase (A)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Adds RNA nucleotide
primers
• ANSWER: Primase (E)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Makes RNA’s
• ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)
#8 Which is a physical or chemical
agent that causes mutations?
•
•
•
•
A. mutagen
B. mutagenesis
C. mutation
D. reading frame
• ANSWER: A
#8Which is any change in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA?
•
•
•
•
A. Mutagenesis
B. mutation
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
• ANSWER: B
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the
growth of scaly macules and papules
Tree Man Pictures
• Before and After Images : Tree Man :
Discovery Health
#8 What mutation
• Is a substitution that changes an amino
acid into a STOP codon?
• A. silent
• B. missense
• C. nonsense
• ANSWER: nonsense
#8 What mutation…
• Is a substitution that causes no
change in the protein product?
• A. nonsense
• B. silent
• C. missense
• ANSWER: silent
#8 What mutation…
• Causes a substitution that does change
the amino acid coding?
• A. Missense
• B. silent
• C. nonsense
• ANSWER: Missense
#8 Which is the triplet grouping (a
mutation can alter it to shift)
•
•
•
•
A. mutation
B. mutagenesis
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
• ANSWER: D
#9 What are some examples of
mutagens?
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
X-rays
#10
• How does the leading strand behave
differently from the lagging strand?
• ANSWER: leading strand adds
nucleotides 5’ to 3’ toward the replication
fork continuously
• Lagging strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’
away from the replication fork
discontinuously
#11 What is the central dogma?
•
•
•
•
A. DNA – RNA – protein
B. protein – RNA – DNA
C. DNA – protein – RNA
D. RNA – protein – DNA
• ANSWER: A
#11 Who proposed the central
dogma?
•
•
•
•
A. Crick
B. Watson
C. Nirenberg
D. Avery
• ANSWER: Crick and Nirenberg
#12 What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC
UGG
12. What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt
#13 What codon is the START
CODON?
13. What amino acid is START
codon:
AUG
#13 What are the three STOP
CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out
by looking at the chart)
What amino acid is mRNA codon:
UGG
tryptophan
# 13 How many?
• Different amino acids are
there?
• ANSWER: 20
#14 How many subunits make up a
ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
14. ANSWER: Ribosome = two
subunits
Made of
rRNA
(ribosomal) +
protein
#15 What are the 3 bases?
• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet
#15 What are the 3 bases?
Codon
• For mRNA
• B. Anticodon
• For tRNA
• C. Triplet
• For DNA
• A.
What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER: amino acid
#16 Match:
• Introns
• A. Leave the nucleus to
be coded with tRNA
• Exons
• B. Are cut and discarded
from the primary mRNA
• Introns: B
• Exons: A
16. What will the mature mRNA
look like?
What will the mRNA look like?
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded
1
2
3
= mature mRNA
#16 What’s the difference?
• Between Primary mRNA and mature
mRNA?
• Primary mRNA = introns + exons
• Mature mRNA = only exons
#17 MATCH
• A. structural and
functional core of a
ribosome
• B. template for
translation
• C. transporting amino
acid
• B mRNA
• C. tRNA
• A. rRNA
#17 What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino
acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from
DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part
of ribosome)
#18 What are the structures?
(See
worksheet)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes
•
AACGTAGG
•
ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG
•
TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER: Translocation (two
nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• RNA polymerase
terminator
reaches bases that
signals the end of the
• B. transcription
gene and releases to
promotor
leave
the
nucleus
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• ANSWER: A
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• Ribosome recognizes
terminator
a STOP codon and
releases the
• B. transcription
polypeptide
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation • ANSWER: F
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
• Successive tRNA’s
terminator
add their amino acids
to the polypeptide
• B. transcription
chain at the ribosome
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• ANSWER: E
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• Cutting and
pasting of the
exons and
introns to form a
mature mRNA
• ANSWER: C
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• The “start
transcribing”
signal in a
nucleotide
sequence +
binding site for
RNA polymerase
• ANSWER: B
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription
terminator
• B. transcription
promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation
elongation
• F.translation
termination
• The mRNA and
the first tRNA
and the
ribosomal unit
come together
• ANSWER: D
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Misfolded proteins
that destroy the brain
(one cause is Mad
Cow Disease)
• ANSWER: C
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Small circular RNA
molecules that
infect plants
• ANSWER: A
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Outer protein coat
of a virus
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Suddenly appears
or is new
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
•
•
•
•
•
A. Viroids
B. Virions
C. Prions
D. emerging virus
E. capsid
• Pieces of the virus
• ANSWER: E
#22 What is a retrovirus?
• Transcribes from
RNA to DNA
• Reverse
transcriptase is the
enzyme
synthesizes DNA
from RNA
• The virus that
causes AIDS is
HIV
#23 What are the APE sites?
#23
• A- amino acid attaches to the
ribosome
• P- polypeptide forms as the amino
acids join
• E- polypeptide exits the ribosome
EXTENDED RESPONSE
DNA:
ATT CGG ACT TGA
• mRNA
sequence?
• UAA GCC UGA ACU
• tRNA
sequence?
• AUU
• Amino acid
sequence?
• (use mRNA codons • Stop
on chart)
CGG ACU
alan stop
UGA
threo