Download Protein Synthesis - Helena High School

Protein Synthesis
Name
Period
Use notes from the PowerPoint and complete the following questions. This will be the study guide for questions about
transcription/translation.
1. DNA codes for what macromolecule?
Provide three examples of proteins necessary
in our bodies a.
b.
c.
2. Where is the code within the DNA molecule that provides the instructions for making proteins?
3. What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
a.
b.
c.
4. What is the goal of transcription?
5. Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
6. What RNA molecule copies the DNA code to serve as a template to make proteins?
7. If a section of DNA has the following order of bases, what would the complementary mRNA be?
DNA segment:
A
C
G
T
G
T
G
G
C
A
A
mRNA
8. What is the job of helicase in transcription?
9. What are the two jobs or RNA polymerase in transcription?
and
10. What is the goal of translation?
11. In eukaryotic cells translation happens in what location of the cell?
structure?
.
on what
12. What two RNA molecules are involved?
13. What is the job of each RNA molecule in translation? (rRNA)
(tRNA)
and
14. What is a codon?
15. What is an anticodon?
16. What happens to cells (hopefully) if there is an error in the copying of the code?
back to the cell cycle)
(think
17. Using the segment of DNA, transcribe the mRNA and translate the tRNA into amino acids. Draw a line
between the codons. Use the codon chart on page 367 in the book.
T A C
G T A
G C T
G A T
A C T
G T T
A A G
T G A
mRNA:
tRNA:
Amino
Acids:
18. Name the following amino acids using the amino acid codon chart on page 367.
a. UUU
c. ACC
b. ACC
d. CCC
19. What three types of mutations did you learn about in biology? a.
b.
c.
20. What type of mutation causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
21. What happens when there is a change in the nucleotide sequence to the protein? Explain.
22. Suppose a mutation occurred where the G in ( G A G) mutates to G A A? What amino acid does G A G code
for?
What amino acid does G A A code for?
Would you
expect this to be a detrimental mutation? Explain.
23. What mutation(s) do you think would cause the greatest change to the overall protein structure? Why?