Download Protein Synthesis Review Concepts • Protein synthesis occurs in two

Protein Synthesis Review
Concepts
• Protein synthesis occurs in two stages: transcription and translation
• Transcription is the process in which information is copied from DNA to RNA
• Translation is the process in which information from RNA codes for amino acids
• Cells with the same DNA can specialize by expressing only part of the DNA sequence
• The interaction of DNA and regulatory proteins, such as repressors, controls gene expression.
Vocabulary – define 10 of the following words (know all of them)
amino acid
anticodon
codon
DNA
mRNA
mutation
nucleus
point mutation
ribosome
RNA polymerase
start codon
stop codon
translation
tRNA
cancer
frame-shift mutation
nucleotide
promoter
rRNA
transcription
Diagrams
1. Draw and label a diagram of transcription showing DNA, mRNA and RNA polymerase.
2. Draw and label a diagram of translation showing a ribosome, mRNA, tRNA, and a polypeptide
chain with at least 3 amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Questions
1. How are DNA and RNA different?
2. How does your genotype determine your phenotype (include DNA, RNA & protein)?
3. Use the following DNA sequence to go through the steps of finding the amino acid sequence
(show all your work and look for a start codon): GACTACAAATTTCCCGGGATCGAC
4. How are codons and anticodons related?
5. What is the significance of the order of amino acids in a protein?
6. If all of your cells have the same DNA, how come they are different?
7. How do mutations cause problems for an organism?
8. What are some things that can cause mutations (mutagens)?
9. Why are mutations, or mistakes in DNA, worse than mistakes in RNA or a protein?
10. How are gene mutations different from chromosomal mutations?
11. How can oncogenes cause cancer?