Xenopus Spinal Neurons Express Kv2 Potassium Channel
... and pXb4 occur at the third position of a codon and do not cause amino acid changes (Fig. I/l). pXb3 is 76 and 97% identical to XShab9 and XShab12, respectively, indicating that pXb3 is related to XShab12. Eight of the nine nucleotide differences between pXb3 and XShabl2 occur at the third position ...
... and pXb4 occur at the third position of a codon and do not cause amino acid changes (Fig. I/l). pXb3 is 76 and 97% identical to XShab9 and XShab12, respectively, indicating that pXb3 is related to XShab12. Eight of the nine nucleotide differences between pXb3 and XShabl2 occur at the third position ...
A caudal mRNA gradient controls posterior development in the wasp
... patterning by activating transcription of the gap genes hunchback (hb) and Krüppel (Kr). This role in gap gene activation is played by bcd and maternal hb in Drosophila. It has thus been proposed that, in ancestral insects, cad sits at the top of the segmentation cascade and regulates gap gene expre ...
... patterning by activating transcription of the gap genes hunchback (hb) and Krüppel (Kr). This role in gap gene activation is played by bcd and maternal hb in Drosophila. It has thus been proposed that, in ancestral insects, cad sits at the top of the segmentation cascade and regulates gap gene expre ...
Bacterial ribosome requires multiple L12 dimers for efficient initiation
... However, this model failed to justify the strong dimer interaction in L12 dimer, had no functional relevance and was contradicted by an NMR structure where both the hinges were seen in fully extended form (9,11). Thus it is now universally accepted that the L12 dimer is ‘antiparallel’ where NTDs of ...
... However, this model failed to justify the strong dimer interaction in L12 dimer, had no functional relevance and was contradicted by an NMR structure where both the hinges were seen in fully extended form (9,11). Thus it is now universally accepted that the L12 dimer is ‘antiparallel’ where NTDs of ...
Endonucleolytic processing of CCAless tRNA precursors by RNase
... by RNase Z in vitro. Precursor tRNAs with 83 and 47 nucleotide trailer sequences, respectively, were synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro (see Materials and methods). The right-angled triangle indicates the direction of increasing enzyme concentration: 0, 0.15, 1.5, 15 and 150 ng/ml RNase Z. An ...
... by RNase Z in vitro. Precursor tRNAs with 83 and 47 nucleotide trailer sequences, respectively, were synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro (see Materials and methods). The right-angled triangle indicates the direction of increasing enzyme concentration: 0, 0.15, 1.5, 15 and 150 ng/ml RNase Z. An ...
Modified uridine at wobble position in tRNA of
... transcription and exocytosis are indirectly caused by inefficient translation of mRNAs encoding proteins important in these processes. ...
... transcription and exocytosis are indirectly caused by inefficient translation of mRNAs encoding proteins important in these processes. ...
The Influence of Anticodon–Codon Interactions and Modified Bases
... However, we know that U can pair with all four codons when it is the only tRNA, and we also know that GA pairing occurs in some mitochondria. Therefore, our figure 1c includes all these cases. This means that more than one tRNA can translate most codons, and the total rate of translation of each cod ...
... However, we know that U can pair with all four codons when it is the only tRNA, and we also know that GA pairing occurs in some mitochondria. Therefore, our figure 1c includes all these cases. This means that more than one tRNA can translate most codons, and the total rate of translation of each cod ...
p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA
... that while p68 RNA helicase activity appears to be important for some functions (e.g., RNA processing), it does not appear to be required for its role as a transcriptional coactivator. The p68 gene contains a large intron (intron 11, 1.2 kb in the human gene), which has been conserved through evolut ...
... that while p68 RNA helicase activity appears to be important for some functions (e.g., RNA processing), it does not appear to be required for its role as a transcriptional coactivator. The p68 gene contains a large intron (intron 11, 1.2 kb in the human gene), which has been conserved through evolut ...
Computational Definition of
... internal non-protein-coding exons of these genes as examples of exons that should have a relatively high content of ESEs and a relatively low content of ESSs, but with no protein-coding information. We compared the sequence composition of these non-coding exons with that of 2 dissimilar types of seq ...
... internal non-protein-coding exons of these genes as examples of exons that should have a relatively high content of ESEs and a relatively low content of ESSs, but with no protein-coding information. We compared the sequence composition of these non-coding exons with that of 2 dissimilar types of seq ...
A General Model of Codon Bias Due to GC Mutational Bias
... patterns of codons used without recourse to the added complexity of including non-synonymous mutations. Consider the codons relating to any particular amino acid. For any two codons X and Y that differ by a single nucleotide, we assume that the rates of mutation from X to Y and from Y to X are the s ...
... patterns of codons used without recourse to the added complexity of including non-synonymous mutations. Consider the codons relating to any particular amino acid. For any two codons X and Y that differ by a single nucleotide, we assume that the rates of mutation from X to Y and from Y to X are the s ...
Origin of the catalytic activity of bovine seminal ribonuclease against
... duplication at least six times, giving rise to RNase variants expressed in many different tissues. The most recent duplications of these separated digestive (13) and seminal (14) RNases in bovids about 35 million years ago (15, 16). BS RNase comprises ca. 2% of the total amount of protein in bovine ...
... duplication at least six times, giving rise to RNase variants expressed in many different tissues. The most recent duplications of these separated digestive (13) and seminal (14) RNases in bovids about 35 million years ago (15, 16). BS RNase comprises ca. 2% of the total amount of protein in bovine ...
Par-1
... machinery Many components of RNAi machinery have been identified through genetic screening for RNAi defective mutants and through biochemical studies using cell extracts (e.g. Drosophila embryo extract). ...
... machinery Many components of RNAi machinery have been identified through genetic screening for RNAi defective mutants and through biochemical studies using cell extracts (e.g. Drosophila embryo extract). ...
Origins and Early Evolution of the tRNA Molecule
... Francis Crick once remarked that transfer RNA (tRNA) looks like nature’s attempt to make RNA do the job of a protein [1]. tRNA, discovered by Paul Zamecnik and collaborators [2], is a literal “adaptor” molecule [3] that mediates the translation of information from messenger RNAs (mRNAs). tRNA was th ...
... Francis Crick once remarked that transfer RNA (tRNA) looks like nature’s attempt to make RNA do the job of a protein [1]. tRNA, discovered by Paul Zamecnik and collaborators [2], is a literal “adaptor” molecule [3] that mediates the translation of information from messenger RNAs (mRNAs). tRNA was th ...
Characterization of the cDNA and Gene Coding for the Biotin
... biotin synthase of Arabidopsis (Fig. 2). Direct demonstration of the identity of pBS-1 was obtained by expressing the cDNA in the E . coli strain R875, which carries a mutant allele of the bioB gene that codes for biotin synthase. Due to this mutation, strain R875 cannot grow on media that lack biot ...
... biotin synthase of Arabidopsis (Fig. 2). Direct demonstration of the identity of pBS-1 was obtained by expressing the cDNA in the E . coli strain R875, which carries a mutant allele of the bioB gene that codes for biotin synthase. Due to this mutation, strain R875 cannot grow on media that lack biot ...
Perspectives in Diabetes Glucokinase Gene Structure
... glucokinase isoforms are generated through alternate splic- acids in a region of the protein situated between the putative ing of the glucokinase gene product. One of these isoforms ATP- and glucose-binding domains. There is no evidence is specific for the liver, whereas two others are specific for ...
... glucokinase isoforms are generated through alternate splic- acids in a region of the protein situated between the putative ing of the glucokinase gene product. One of these isoforms ATP- and glucose-binding domains. There is no evidence is specific for the liver, whereas two others are specific for ...
Late events of translation initiation in bacteria: a kinetic analysis
... fMet-tRNAfMet in the bona ®de P-site where it can form the ®rst peptide bond with the aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) bound to the second codon triplet and brought to the A-site by EF-Tu´GTP (La Teana et al., 1996). As in the case of the translation factors EF-Tu, EF-G and RF3, IF2 is a GTPase that is acti ...
... fMet-tRNAfMet in the bona ®de P-site where it can form the ®rst peptide bond with the aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) bound to the second codon triplet and brought to the A-site by EF-Tu´GTP (La Teana et al., 1996). As in the case of the translation factors EF-Tu, EF-G and RF3, IF2 is a GTPase that is acti ...
The Protein Cevalently Linked to the 5'... of Poliovirus RNA by Victor Robert Ambros
... A. Treatment of protease-K digested polio RNA with Hela unlinking enzyme....................................... 123 B. Treatment of ribonuclease digested polio RNA with Hela unlinking enzyme.................................. 123 C. Treatment of K-pUp with unlinking enzyme............... 129 D. Label ...
... A. Treatment of protease-K digested polio RNA with Hela unlinking enzyme....................................... 123 B. Treatment of ribonuclease digested polio RNA with Hela unlinking enzyme.................................. 123 C. Treatment of K-pUp with unlinking enzyme............... 129 D. Label ...
NCBI Molecular Biology Resources
... COMMENT REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The reference sequence was derived from M17755.2 and AW874082.1. On Feb 25, 2003 this sequence version replaced gi:21361188. ...
... COMMENT REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The reference sequence was derived from M17755.2 and AW874082.1. On Feb 25, 2003 this sequence version replaced gi:21361188. ...
Computational Identification of Plant MicroRNAs and
... controlling development, particularly those of transcription factors and F-box proteins. However, plant miRNAs have conserved regulatory functions extending beyond development, in that they also target superoxide dismutases, laccases, and ATP sulfurylases. The expression of miR395, the sulfurylaseta ...
... controlling development, particularly those of transcription factors and F-box proteins. However, plant miRNAs have conserved regulatory functions extending beyond development, in that they also target superoxide dismutases, laccases, and ATP sulfurylases. The expression of miR395, the sulfurylaseta ...
Abundant RNA editing sites of chloroplast protein
... found in the transcripts of G. biloba compared with that in transcripts of other spermatophytes. A total of 73 partial editing sites occurred at the first (23), second (45) and third (5) codon positions. ndhD has the highest editing frequency, followed by ndhA, ndhB, ndhK, rpoC1, matK and rpoA. Addi ...
... found in the transcripts of G. biloba compared with that in transcripts of other spermatophytes. A total of 73 partial editing sites occurred at the first (23), second (45) and third (5) codon positions. ndhD has the highest editing frequency, followed by ndhA, ndhB, ndhK, rpoC1, matK and rpoA. Addi ...
ppt for
... • Small RNAs: piRNA, siRNA, miRNA. • piRNA: derive from repetitive genomic element, interact with PIWI AGO family protein ...
... • Small RNAs: piRNA, siRNA, miRNA. • piRNA: derive from repetitive genomic element, interact with PIWI AGO family protein ...
Synonymous codon usage patterns in different parasitic
... the mechanisms of biased usage of synonymous codons (Powell and Moriyama, 1997). The profiles of synonymous codon usage can reveal information about the molecular evolution of individual genes. They can also provide data to train genome-specific gene recognition algorithms, which detect protein-codi ...
... the mechanisms of biased usage of synonymous codons (Powell and Moriyama, 1997). The profiles of synonymous codon usage can reveal information about the molecular evolution of individual genes. They can also provide data to train genome-specific gene recognition algorithms, which detect protein-codi ...
FREE Sample Here
... 53) Lipophobic molecules that are to be released by cells are stored in membrane-bound structures called ________. A) secretory vesicles B) inclusions C) the Golgi apparatus D) excretory vesicles E) the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Diff: 4 Page Ref: 32 54) Continuous with the outer portion of the ...
... 53) Lipophobic molecules that are to be released by cells are stored in membrane-bound structures called ________. A) secretory vesicles B) inclusions C) the Golgi apparatus D) excretory vesicles E) the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Diff: 4 Page Ref: 32 54) Continuous with the outer portion of the ...
Thesis-1965R-K29r
... composition of the nucleolus is chiefly RNA and proteins. It may also contain certain enzymes and I ipids. The synthesis of RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis w ...
... composition of the nucleolus is chiefly RNA and proteins. It may also contain certain enzymes and I ipids. The synthesis of RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis w ...
Mutations at the Darkener of apricot Locus Modulate Transcript
... 1993; ZACHAR, CHoU and BINGHAM1987). In general, the products of second-site modifier loci play a role in the expression of the mutation-causing transposable element, and in modifying its activity, result in an alteration of the mutant phenotype. We are seeking to understand the functions these modi ...
... 1993; ZACHAR, CHoU and BINGHAM1987). In general, the products of second-site modifier loci play a role in the expression of the mutation-causing transposable element, and in modifying its activity, result in an alteration of the mutant phenotype. We are seeking to understand the functions these modi ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.