regulation of mammalian acetyl
... kinase can inactivate ACC in vitro. cAMP-dependent protein kinase inactivates the enzyme by phosphorylation of Ser-77 and -1200, whereas 50 -AMP– dependent protein kinase phosphorylates Ser-79, -1200, and -1215. These two protein kinases phosphorylate these multiple sites simultaneously, and it was ...
... kinase can inactivate ACC in vitro. cAMP-dependent protein kinase inactivates the enzyme by phosphorylation of Ser-77 and -1200, whereas 50 -AMP– dependent protein kinase phosphorylates Ser-79, -1200, and -1215. These two protein kinases phosphorylate these multiple sites simultaneously, and it was ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... set of prokaryotic RFs differing in stop codon specificity, RF1 for UAG and UAA, and RF2 for UGA and UAA, was analyzed by means of a recently developed computational method allowing identification of the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) in families composed of proteins with similar but not i ...
... set of prokaryotic RFs differing in stop codon specificity, RF1 for UAG and UAA, and RF2 for UGA and UAA, was analyzed by means of a recently developed computational method allowing identification of the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) in families composed of proteins with similar but not i ...
WEREWOLF, a Regulator of Root Hair Pattern
... the photoperiod pathway. The expression and double mutant analyses showed that WER modulates FT transcript level independent of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS C. The histological analysis of WER shows that it is expressed in the epidermis of leaves, where FT is not expressed. Consistently, WER regulat ...
... the photoperiod pathway. The expression and double mutant analyses showed that WER modulates FT transcript level independent of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS C. The histological analysis of WER shows that it is expressed in the epidermis of leaves, where FT is not expressed. Consistently, WER regulat ...
HW4_final
... Make sure that you are using the “Single strand” mode for RNA sequences. Provide the motif logo. 2. What is the significance of the identified motif? Look at the occurrences distribution by clicking on “view occurrences distribution” or by downloading the motif occurrences file and explain how come ...
... Make sure that you are using the “Single strand” mode for RNA sequences. Provide the motif logo. 2. What is the significance of the identified motif? Look at the occurrences distribution by clicking on “view occurrences distribution” or by downloading the motif occurrences file and explain how come ...
Gene Therapy and Transgenic Animals
... structure into and plasmids introduction 1. Identification Ribozyme-coding has been incorporated and of chemical modifications that retain ribozyme activity and administered, in effect ribozyme gene therapy. enhancing stability to nucleases. ...
... structure into and plasmids introduction 1. Identification Ribozyme-coding has been incorporated and of chemical modifications that retain ribozyme activity and administered, in effect ribozyme gene therapy. enhancing stability to nucleases. ...
unexpected consequences for sense codon reassignment
... acid with the ncAA. Residue specific reassignment operates through precisely controlling the growth medium such that the targeted natural amino acid is removed and replaced by a ncAA that is a close structural analog (24-27). The ncAA is utilized in translation in place of the removed natural amino ...
... acid with the ncAA. Residue specific reassignment operates through precisely controlling the growth medium such that the targeted natural amino acid is removed and replaced by a ncAA that is a close structural analog (24-27). The ncAA is utilized in translation in place of the removed natural amino ...
as a PDF
... control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the organism to modulate gene expression after transcription ...
... control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the organism to modulate gene expression after transcription ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
... The expression of genes encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is regulated by the interaction of cellular factors and a viral trans-activator protein, Tat, with specific regulatory elements in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 (Gaynor, 1992). The HIV1 regulatory protein Tat bi ...
... The expression of genes encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is regulated by the interaction of cellular factors and a viral trans-activator protein, Tat, with specific regulatory elements in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 (Gaynor, 1992). The HIV1 regulatory protein Tat bi ...
Syntabulin, a motor protein linker, controls dorsal
... including germline-specific transcripts to the Balbiani body (Kloc et al., 2001; Kloc and Etkin, 1995; Kloc et al., 1996; Wilk et al., 2005), an evolutionarily conserved aggregate of organelles and molecules that is present in early oocytes (Guraya, 1979; Kloc et al., 2004). Balbiani body formation ...
... including germline-specific transcripts to the Balbiani body (Kloc et al., 2001; Kloc and Etkin, 1995; Kloc et al., 1996; Wilk et al., 2005), an evolutionarily conserved aggregate of organelles and molecules that is present in early oocytes (Guraya, 1979; Kloc et al., 2004). Balbiani body formation ...
A method for measuring the non-random bias of a codon usage table
... make any strong assumptions about the nature of the bias being tested. Our new statistical measure, the "codon frequency bias" estimates the probability that the actual codon frequencies observed in a gene could be the result of some postulated impartial pattern of usage. The statistical test is qui ...
... make any strong assumptions about the nature of the bias being tested. Our new statistical measure, the "codon frequency bias" estimates the probability that the actual codon frequencies observed in a gene could be the result of some postulated impartial pattern of usage. The statistical test is qui ...
Table of Contents - Scholars` Bank
... allowed to “wobble” in its pairing. This means that between guanine and uracil there is a bond that is looser than those of traditional Watson-Crick base pairing. However, the nucleotide at position 34, even if it is a guanine or a uracil, can still form a base pair following standard Watson-Crick b ...
... allowed to “wobble” in its pairing. This means that between guanine and uracil there is a bond that is looser than those of traditional Watson-Crick base pairing. However, the nucleotide at position 34, even if it is a guanine or a uracil, can still form a base pair following standard Watson-Crick b ...
Stage-specific expressions of four different ribonuclease H genes in
... catalytic activity of the protein. Three other Leishmania RNases H share conserved domains with the known type II enzymes (Figure 1). We are not sure about the metal ion requirements of each of these enzymes. Thus, the classification is simply based on sequence ...
... catalytic activity of the protein. Three other Leishmania RNases H share conserved domains with the known type II enzymes (Figure 1). We are not sure about the metal ion requirements of each of these enzymes. Thus, the classification is simply based on sequence ...
abbreviations and symbols for nucleic
... methods for the synthesis of specific polynucleotide sequences4. The latter developments and others (e.g. modification of sugar components, synthesis of unnatural linkages) require a unified system for representing long sequences ...
... methods for the synthesis of specific polynucleotide sequences4. The latter developments and others (e.g. modification of sugar components, synthesis of unnatural linkages) require a unified system for representing long sequences ...
tutorial - ppuigbo
... generating sequences (see section B of this guide). c) CAI calculation for protein alignment translated to DNA alignment. This option provides the use of: 1) one reference codon usage table for all of the sequences or 2) one reference table for each sequence introduced (see section C of this guide). ...
... generating sequences (see section B of this guide). c) CAI calculation for protein alignment translated to DNA alignment. This option provides the use of: 1) one reference codon usage table for all of the sequences or 2) one reference table for each sequence introduced (see section C of this guide). ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... long as tryptophan is plentiful • If amino acid supply low, ribosomes stall at the tandem tryptophan codons in the trp leader • trp leader being synthesized as stalling occurs, stalled ribosome will influence the way RNA folds – Prevents formation of a hairpin – This is part of the transcription ter ...
... long as tryptophan is plentiful • If amino acid supply low, ribosomes stall at the tandem tryptophan codons in the trp leader • trp leader being synthesized as stalling occurs, stalled ribosome will influence the way RNA folds – Prevents formation of a hairpin – This is part of the transcription ter ...
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling is required for early dorso
... zebrafish IGF-1Rs in the vertebrate IGF-1R clade, distinct from the insulin receptor or insulin-related receptor clades. IGF-1Ra and IGF-1Rb mRNAs and proteins are expressed in overlapping spatial domains in vivo, but exhibit distinct temporal expression patterns in specific tissues and organs. Stro ...
... zebrafish IGF-1Rs in the vertebrate IGF-1R clade, distinct from the insulin receptor or insulin-related receptor clades. IGF-1Ra and IGF-1Rb mRNAs and proteins are expressed in overlapping spatial domains in vivo, but exhibit distinct temporal expression patterns in specific tissues and organs. Stro ...
Regulation of the S100B gene by α1-adrenergic - AJP
... Human S100B promoter-driven reporter plasmids. A luciferase reporter gene system (Promega; Madison, WI) was used to study the relative ability of different 5⬘ DNA regions of the human S100B gene to promote transcription in transient transfection assays, as previously described (3). In this system, a ...
... Human S100B promoter-driven reporter plasmids. A luciferase reporter gene system (Promega; Madison, WI) was used to study the relative ability of different 5⬘ DNA regions of the human S100B gene to promote transcription in transient transfection assays, as previously described (3). In this system, a ...
The different roles of tryptophan transfer RNA in regulating trp
... leader transcript that are responsible for attenuation control. Figure 2b summarizes the regulatory events that occur when cultures either have or do not have sufficient charged tRNATrp to maintain protein synthesis. The length of the leader transcript, from its 50 end to the trpE start codon, is 16 ...
... leader transcript that are responsible for attenuation control. Figure 2b summarizes the regulatory events that occur when cultures either have or do not have sufficient charged tRNATrp to maintain protein synthesis. The length of the leader transcript, from its 50 end to the trpE start codon, is 16 ...
Interaction of Fish Oil and Conjugated Linoleic Acid in
... containing a 1.5% fatty acid preparation rich in linoleic acid (72.0%) and either 0 or 6% fish oil. Another four groups of animals were fed diets containing a 1.5% fatty acid preparation rich in CLA (70.7%) and either 0, 1.5, 3, or 6% fish oil. Dietary lipid levels in the experimental diets were adj ...
... containing a 1.5% fatty acid preparation rich in linoleic acid (72.0%) and either 0 or 6% fish oil. Another four groups of animals were fed diets containing a 1.5% fatty acid preparation rich in CLA (70.7%) and either 0, 1.5, 3, or 6% fish oil. Dietary lipid levels in the experimental diets were adj ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans
... components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its essential protein co-factor, SmpB, is the principal translati ...
... components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its essential protein co-factor, SmpB, is the principal translati ...
Supplementary Information (doc 82K)
... were used as a positive control for the induction of asLSU γ RNA fragmentation. The size of cleavage fragments was compared with an end-labeled ΦX174 DNA/HinfI dephosphorylated DNA marker (Promega) (M). (B) Primer extension analysis as described in A but using a primer complementary to nucleotides 9 ...
... were used as a positive control for the induction of asLSU γ RNA fragmentation. The size of cleavage fragments was compared with an end-labeled ΦX174 DNA/HinfI dephosphorylated DNA marker (Promega) (M). (B) Primer extension analysis as described in A but using a primer complementary to nucleotides 9 ...
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities
... Usually, one can define nucleotides essential to RNA site functions using straightforward biochemical criteria. Such nucleotides are conserved in independent isolates; protected or sensitized to chemical probes by interaction with specific RNA ligands; or alter RNA activities if they are previously ...
... Usually, one can define nucleotides essential to RNA site functions using straightforward biochemical criteria. Such nucleotides are conserved in independent isolates; protected or sensitized to chemical probes by interaction with specific RNA ligands; or alter RNA activities if they are previously ...
Teacher Guide: Gene Expression. By Ann Brokaw.
... This curriculum guide organizes HHMI resources into the following categories: gene expression, RNA, transcription, translation, and post-translational events. The resources include animations, video clips, interactive Click and Learn activities, virtual labs, and lectures specific to the topic. The ...
... This curriculum guide organizes HHMI resources into the following categories: gene expression, RNA, transcription, translation, and post-translational events. The resources include animations, video clips, interactive Click and Learn activities, virtual labs, and lectures specific to the topic. The ...
In situ hybridization
... probes increasing the sensitivity of signal detection into the region of 10-20 copies of mRNA or DNA per cell. 7. Better reproducibility. In situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes is highly reproducible in every tissue and with every probe. It is possible to make a series of probes that have ...
... probes increasing the sensitivity of signal detection into the region of 10-20 copies of mRNA or DNA per cell. 7. Better reproducibility. In situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes is highly reproducible in every tissue and with every probe. It is possible to make a series of probes that have ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.