Structure and function of Escherichia coli valine transfer RNA in
... located in the anticodon loop, possesses the necessary information to recognize the codon on mRNA. There are 15 invariant positions that always contain the same base, and eight semiinvariant positions that always have either a purine or a pyrimidine (Figure 1 A). The chain length of the known tRNAs ...
... located in the anticodon loop, possesses the necessary information to recognize the codon on mRNA. There are 15 invariant positions that always contain the same base, and eight semiinvariant positions that always have either a purine or a pyrimidine (Figure 1 A). The chain length of the known tRNAs ...
The Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code
... there was suggestive evidence as early as 1992 that the catalytic component of the ribosome might actually be a ribozyme (an RNA enzyme), although it was not until eight years later that this was finally confirmed. This made the RNA world a compelling milieu for genetic code evolution, especially si ...
... there was suggestive evidence as early as 1992 that the catalytic component of the ribosome might actually be a ribozyme (an RNA enzyme), although it was not until eight years later that this was finally confirmed. This made the RNA world a compelling milieu for genetic code evolution, especially si ...
Raines, ChemRev 1998
... Changing the residues in a protein and analyzing the consequences of these changes is a powerful method for probing the role of particular functional groups in proteins.23,24 Although such changes can be made by either total synthesis or semisynthetic procedures, they can be much easier to effect by ...
... Changing the residues in a protein and analyzing the consequences of these changes is a powerful method for probing the role of particular functional groups in proteins.23,24 Although such changes can be made by either total synthesis or semisynthetic procedures, they can be much easier to effect by ...
ARTICLES
... 40 times more frequently than the wild-type pair. Taken together with other biochemical data, it was postulated that such mutations possibly alter the angle of the junction of the anticodon stem and the central tRNA L-shaped structure, increasing the frequency of wobble reading10. Some bases in tRNA ...
... 40 times more frequently than the wild-type pair. Taken together with other biochemical data, it was postulated that such mutations possibly alter the angle of the junction of the anticodon stem and the central tRNA L-shaped structure, increasing the frequency of wobble reading10. Some bases in tRNA ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document: PROGRAMMED
... ribosomes (Wilson & Nierhaus, 2003). The differences lie in expansion segments of ...
... ribosomes (Wilson & Nierhaus, 2003). The differences lie in expansion segments of ...
The Bacterial Toxin RelE Displays Codon
... of peptide synthesis was reduced to about 10% of the rate of the uninhibited reaction (Figure 1A). Since the concentrations of all translation factors were higher than that of ribosomes, this implies that one RelE molecule can inhibit many target molecules in a catalytic mode of action. Next, we com ...
... of peptide synthesis was reduced to about 10% of the rate of the uninhibited reaction (Figure 1A). Since the concentrations of all translation factors were higher than that of ribosomes, this implies that one RelE molecule can inhibit many target molecules in a catalytic mode of action. Next, we com ...
Computational Identification of Plant MicroRNAs and
... plant miRNAs have a strong propensity to target genes controlling development, particularly those of transcription factors and F-box proteins. However, plant miRNAs have conserved regulatory functions extending beyond development, in that they also target superoxide dismutases, laccases, and ATP sul ...
... plant miRNAs have a strong propensity to target genes controlling development, particularly those of transcription factors and F-box proteins. However, plant miRNAs have conserved regulatory functions extending beyond development, in that they also target superoxide dismutases, laccases, and ATP sul ...
Cells: building blocks of living organisms
... In the case of DNA, bases interact, i.e. form hydrogen bonds, primarily through the following set of rules: A interacts with T (and vice versa) G interacts with C (and vice versa) Those rules are the consequence of the fact that A:T and G:C pairs position the backbone atoms roughly at the same three ...
... In the case of DNA, bases interact, i.e. form hydrogen bonds, primarily through the following set of rules: A interacts with T (and vice versa) G interacts with C (and vice versa) Those rules are the consequence of the fact that A:T and G:C pairs position the backbone atoms roughly at the same three ...
Causes that Make a Difference - Philsci
... variety of artificial and natural conditions and continuously seek generalizations with ever broader ranges of application. Biologists are also concerned about the range of conditions under which their causal generalizations hold. But in contrast to physicists, they seem perfectly satisfied with cau ...
... variety of artificial and natural conditions and continuously seek generalizations with ever broader ranges of application. Biologists are also concerned about the range of conditions under which their causal generalizations hold. But in contrast to physicists, they seem perfectly satisfied with cau ...
Multilevel functional and structural defects induced by two
... with a wide range of pathologies. During the last two decades, an increasing number of single nucleotide substitutions within the hmtRNA genes have been linked to a variety of diseases showing pleiotropic effects. More than 220 mutations have been associated with diseases in the 22 genes of hmtRNAs ...
... with a wide range of pathologies. During the last two decades, an increasing number of single nucleotide substitutions within the hmtRNA genes have been linked to a variety of diseases showing pleiotropic effects. More than 220 mutations have been associated with diseases in the 22 genes of hmtRNAs ...
Lecture 1 - "Hudel" Luecke
... two types of secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet. An alpha-helix is a tight helix formed out of the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide main chain makes up the central structure, and the side chains extend out and away from the helix. The CO group of one amino acid (n) is hydroge ...
... two types of secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet. An alpha-helix is a tight helix formed out of the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide main chain makes up the central structure, and the side chains extend out and away from the helix. The CO group of one amino acid (n) is hydroge ...
Pleiotropic effects of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation
... We have previously described the isolation and structure of cosmid clones that constitute a 60 kb contig containing agouti exons 1B, 1C, 2, 3 and 4 (Miller et al., 1993) (The agouti exon nomenclature used in the present work differs from that used previously; the rationale is summarized in Fig. 1). ...
... We have previously described the isolation and structure of cosmid clones that constitute a 60 kb contig containing agouti exons 1B, 1C, 2, 3 and 4 (Miller et al., 1993) (The agouti exon nomenclature used in the present work differs from that used previously; the rationale is summarized in Fig. 1). ...
Modified uridine at wobble position in tRNA of
... efficiency and fidelity of translation. The identification of mutants lacking ncm5-, mcm5-, or s2-group at the wobble position allowed the investigation of the in vivo role of these nucleosides in the tRNA decoding process. It was revealed that the presence of ncm5-, mcm5- or s2-group promotes readi ...
... efficiency and fidelity of translation. The identification of mutants lacking ncm5-, mcm5-, or s2-group at the wobble position allowed the investigation of the in vivo role of these nucleosides in the tRNA decoding process. It was revealed that the presence of ncm5-, mcm5- or s2-group promotes readi ...
ppt for
... Population dynamics of piRNA and TE(transposable element) in Drosophila • Jian Lu and Andrew G. Clark, PNAS 2010 • Activities of a large number of retrotransposons are severely silenced by piRNAs. 1) quantified expression levels of 32 TE families 2) in ovaries of one wild-type and three piRNA ...
... Population dynamics of piRNA and TE(transposable element) in Drosophila • Jian Lu and Andrew G. Clark, PNAS 2010 • Activities of a large number of retrotransposons are severely silenced by piRNAs. 1) quantified expression levels of 32 TE families 2) in ovaries of one wild-type and three piRNA ...
Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription
... Fig. 3. Effect of native and chimeric tRNAs on transcription antitermination in the trpE-lacZ fusion. RNA was isolated from L. lactis cells after a growth medium shift as indicated in Methods and used to prepare a Northern blot that was hybridized with a lacZ-specific probe to visualize full length ...
... Fig. 3. Effect of native and chimeric tRNAs on transcription antitermination in the trpE-lacZ fusion. RNA was isolated from L. lactis cells after a growth medium shift as indicated in Methods and used to prepare a Northern blot that was hybridized with a lacZ-specific probe to visualize full length ...
Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription
... Fig. 3. Effect of native and chimeric tRNAs on transcription antitermination in the trpE-lacZ fusion. RNA was isolated from L. lactis cells after a growth medium shift as indicated in Methods and used to prepare a Northern blot that was hybridized with a lacZ-specific probe to visualize full length ...
... Fig. 3. Effect of native and chimeric tRNAs on transcription antitermination in the trpE-lacZ fusion. RNA was isolated from L. lactis cells after a growth medium shift as indicated in Methods and used to prepare a Northern blot that was hybridized with a lacZ-specific probe to visualize full length ...
Transvection and pairing of a Drosophila Hox long noncoding RNA
... segments (Pattatucci et al. 1991). Strikingly, five different GOF mutations associated with translocations or inversions with breakpoints mapping to the fushi tarazu– Antennapedia (ftz-Antp) interval result in mis-regulation of Scr in trans, on the wildtype (wt) chromosome (Southworth and Kennison 2 ...
... segments (Pattatucci et al. 1991). Strikingly, five different GOF mutations associated with translocations or inversions with breakpoints mapping to the fushi tarazu– Antennapedia (ftz-Antp) interval result in mis-regulation of Scr in trans, on the wildtype (wt) chromosome (Southworth and Kennison 2 ...
Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase—Associated
... essential for transformation of the viral single-strand genomic RNA into double-strand DNA that can then be integrated into the host cell genome. HIV RT differs significantly from cellular DNA polymerases and it has become a major target for antiviral drug discovery and development. In mid-2012 over ...
... essential for transformation of the viral single-strand genomic RNA into double-strand DNA that can then be integrated into the host cell genome. HIV RT differs significantly from cellular DNA polymerases and it has become a major target for antiviral drug discovery and development. In mid-2012 over ...
Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase—Associated
... essential for transformation of the viral single-strand genomic RNA into double-strand DNA that can then be integrated into the host cell genome. HIV RT differs significantly from cellular DNA polymerases and it has become a major target for antiviral drug discovery and development. In mid-2012 over ...
... essential for transformation of the viral single-strand genomic RNA into double-strand DNA that can then be integrated into the host cell genome. HIV RT differs significantly from cellular DNA polymerases and it has become a major target for antiviral drug discovery and development. In mid-2012 over ...
PDF
... hybridization. Expression was found not only in the central nervous system, as was expected from the expression pattern of the endogenous Ndn gene, but also to be comparatively widespread, suggesting that the promoter region did not contain all of the regulatory control sequences present in the endo ...
... hybridization. Expression was found not only in the central nervous system, as was expected from the expression pattern of the endogenous Ndn gene, but also to be comparatively widespread, suggesting that the promoter region did not contain all of the regulatory control sequences present in the endo ...
Landick R, Yanofsky C. 1987. Transcription
... segment of the leader region. While the polymerase pauses in the leader region, the opportunity is provided for loading of a ribosome at the leader peptide ribosome-binding site of the leader transcript. After a ribosome loads and begins translation, it approaches the paused polymerase. As it nears ...
... segment of the leader region. While the polymerase pauses in the leader region, the opportunity is provided for loading of a ribosome at the leader peptide ribosome-binding site of the leader transcript. After a ribosome loads and begins translation, it approaches the paused polymerase. As it nears ...
NUCLEOTIDES Occurrence Nucleotides are present in all types of
... Two co-enzymes, which are dinucleotides are NAD+ (NADP+) and FAD. But in these dinucleotides, nucleotides are held together through anhydride linkage formed between phosphate of first nucleotide and phosphate of second nucleotide . Further in FAD the glycosidic linkage between sugar and base is abse ...
... Two co-enzymes, which are dinucleotides are NAD+ (NADP+) and FAD. But in these dinucleotides, nucleotides are held together through anhydride linkage formed between phosphate of first nucleotide and phosphate of second nucleotide . Further in FAD the glycosidic linkage between sugar and base is abse ...
Iron mediated methylthiolation of tRNA as a regulator of operon
... Polypeptide synthesis in vitro E. ooli was grown in trypticase soy broth with or without ovotransferrin from an inoculum of 1O cell/ml for 4-5 h in 5-15 1 cultures. S30 extracts were prepared in 10 mM tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.8) , 10 mM Mg acetate,60 raM NH^Cl, 6 mM B-mercaptoethanol (14). S160 superna ...
... Polypeptide synthesis in vitro E. ooli was grown in trypticase soy broth with or without ovotransferrin from an inoculum of 1O cell/ml for 4-5 h in 5-15 1 cultures. S30 extracts were prepared in 10 mM tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.8) , 10 mM Mg acetate,60 raM NH^Cl, 6 mM B-mercaptoethanol (14). S160 superna ...
Endonucleolytic processing of CCAless tRNA precursors by RNase
... that the decrease in YqjK levels leads to the accumulation of tRNA precursors with 3¢ extensions. We noticed a relatively good correlation between whether or not a precursor RNA accumulated in the absence of IPTG and whether the corresponding tRNA gene had an encoded CCA motif. With one possible exc ...
... that the decrease in YqjK levels leads to the accumulation of tRNA precursors with 3¢ extensions. We noticed a relatively good correlation between whether or not a precursor RNA accumulated in the absence of IPTG and whether the corresponding tRNA gene had an encoded CCA motif. With one possible exc ...
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function whereby mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) links amino acids together to form proteins.