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Transcript
UNIT 7 - DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation STUDY GUIDE What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Be able to make a complementary base sequence to A C C G T A T for DNA. Be able to make a RNA nucleotide sequence that would be complementary to a G T A G T C A DNA strand Who discovered/made a model of the double helix structure? What holds base pairs together? The process that makes an exact copy of a cell's DNA is called ___________________. What are the main functions of DNA polymerase? The main function of tRNA is to: What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body? A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon? Translation converts mRNA into _____________. Where is the site of translation (where does translation occur)? In a eukaryotic cell, where does mRNA processing take place? Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during replication. What type of mutation is caused by the deletion of a nucleotide? Which type of mutation has no effect on phenotype? Mutations that can affect the offspring of an organism occur in what cell type? This is a single strand of DNA GGCATGA. What are the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand? In humans, where does DNA replication take place? This a single strand of DNA - AUCUCAG. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand. During transcription, what does messenger RNA do? In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place on a gene segment over and over again. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA? GCUAUG (Hint – think codon) What process is shown in Figure 8.3? Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram. Write the number in a diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation? Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow. (Hint - The Uracil is being put into the sequence) What type of mutation is shown in Figure 8.4? Suppose this mutation occurred in a coding region of mRNA. How would it affect the structure of the resulting protein? If this mutation occurred in a body cell would the offspring be affected? Explain
