Download Test Review on DNA Structure, DNA Replication

Study Guide for DNA Structure, DNA Replication
and Gene Expression (Transcription and Translation): Chapter 8
Be able to explain the structure and function of DNA.
 Understand that DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides and be able
to describe this shape.
 Know the three parts of a nucleotide.
 Understand that the nitrogen base is the part of the nucleotide that forms the genetic
code, and be able to name the four possible nitrogen bases in a DNA nucleotide.
 Know how the nucleotides are organized in the strands
 Know the complementary nitrogen base pairings
Be able to explain the overall process of DNA replication including:
 The roles of the enzymes helicase and DNA polymerase
 Origin of each strand in the daughter DNA molecules
 When and where the process occurs
Understand that each gene is the information to build one protein or polypeptide chain in a protein.
Be able to explain that gene expression (producing the protein encoded by a gene) involves two steps,
transcription and translation.
Transcription:
 Be able to explain the purpose of transcription
 Be able to compare and contrast DNA and RNA (at least 3 differences)
 Be able to explain the process of transcription including the role of RNA
polymerase
 Be able to explain the processing of eukaryotic mRNA (removal of introns)
Translation

Be able to explain the process of translation including:
 The purpose of translation
 The site of translation
 Structure of a tRNA molecule. Be able to compare and contrast the
structure and function of mRNA molecules and tRNA molecules.
 Be able to explain what a codon is in mRNA and an anticodon in tRNA
 Be able to interpret a genetic code chart to determine what amino acid
sequence will be produced from a given mRNA sequence
 Understand that the genetic code is universal in all organisms and know
the significance of this for biotechnology.
Be able to define mutation and mutagen. Know the difference between a point mutation
(missense mutation) and a frameshift mutation (nonsense mutation).
Useful websites: http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/lsps07_int_celltrans/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#