Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Justin Smith - USD Biology
Document related concepts
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Eyeblink conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Memory consolidation wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Childhood memory wikipedia , lookup
Misattribution of memory wikipedia , lookup
Hypothalamus wikipedia , lookup
Effects of stress on memory wikipedia , lookup
Exceptional memory wikipedia , lookup
Limbic system wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Music-related memory wikipedia , lookup
De novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Reconstructive memory wikipedia , lookup
Prenatal memory wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics in learning and memory wikipedia , lookup
Sparse distributed memory wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Emotion and memory wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Traumatic memories wikipedia , lookup
State-dependent memory wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Neuropeptide S Justin P. Smith What are they? • Small protein-like molecules (peptides) • Used by neurons to communicate • Influence activity, act on neuronal surface receptors • NPSR- G-protein coupled receptor – Stimulates Ca++ and cAMP NPS Structure Discovered via reverse pharmacology, deorphanized receptor NPS functional role in: • • • • • • Anxiety Arousal Locomotion Food intake Memory Drug addiction NPS expression • Co-expressed with excitatory neurotransmitters • Additional (+) input to postsynaptic target of excitatory neurons • Anxiolytic-like effects – EPM, light-dark box, open field, elevated zero maze – No effect in: Tail suspension or forced swim NPSR • NPSR mRNA- expressed in stress related areas – Amygdala – BNST – Hypothalamus – Raphe Nucleus – Ventral tegmental area • Pre-synaptic inhibitory effects of NPS on 5-HT and NE in cortex, role in anxiolytic effect? NPS & Learning and Memory • Regulation of learning process – Interferes with contextual expression of fear memory (but not auditory) – Facilitates conditioned fear response extinction (when injected into amygdala) • Improved memory – Novel object recognition test – Morris water maze When finding articles • Neuroscience and behavior • Use this review as a starting point – Check to see what the groups mentioned herein are doing now – Key words extravaganza – Pick what interests you! – Ask me or Dr. Summers for help
