A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... astrocytes – the main type of glial cells in the hippocampus and the cortex [16-18] – together with the discovery of two-way astrocyte-neuron communication [19, 20], suggest an active role of these cells in modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing in the brain ...
... astrocytes – the main type of glial cells in the hippocampus and the cortex [16-18] – together with the discovery of two-way astrocyte-neuron communication [19, 20], suggest an active role of these cells in modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing in the brain ...
Document
... processes through the core synaptic algorithm which has strong similarities to the QM wave equation. EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from ...
... processes through the core synaptic algorithm which has strong similarities to the QM wave equation. EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... perfusion-fixed (Figure 2E). It is unlikely that these spines simply retracted, leaving intact presynaptic boutons, because the frequency of nonsynaptic boutons did not increase (Figure 2E). The frequency of single synaptic boutons in the LTP condition was comparable to the perfusion-fixed and great ...
... perfusion-fixed (Figure 2E). It is unlikely that these spines simply retracted, leaving intact presynaptic boutons, because the frequency of nonsynaptic boutons did not increase (Figure 2E). The frequency of single synaptic boutons in the LTP condition was comparable to the perfusion-fixed and great ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... However, to a surprising extent this is not the case. As I review later, REM sleep reappears within hours after some of these lesions. When both parts of the brain remain, signs usually appear on only one side of the cut. This kind of positive evidence is much more easily interpreted than loss of fu ...
... However, to a surprising extent this is not the case. As I review later, REM sleep reappears within hours after some of these lesions. When both parts of the brain remain, signs usually appear on only one side of the cut. This kind of positive evidence is much more easily interpreted than loss of fu ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
Mammalian Sleep
... altricial species (e.g., lapse of thermoregulation), REM sleep may be a carryover from fetal life. ...
... altricial species (e.g., lapse of thermoregulation), REM sleep may be a carryover from fetal life. ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... Power in the 8–11 Hz (alpha) range, on the other hand, displays a strikingly different temporal comportment in the sleep onset period compared to that observed after sleep onset. Like beta power it declines gradually across the sleep onset period, but unlike beta it reaches its minimum at sleep onse ...
... Power in the 8–11 Hz (alpha) range, on the other hand, displays a strikingly different temporal comportment in the sleep onset period compared to that observed after sleep onset. Like beta power it declines gradually across the sleep onset period, but unlike beta it reaches its minimum at sleep onse ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two types of interaction with the hippocampus are functionally separate and anatomically distinct. But they are of such a kind (controlling general tone and controll ...
... control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two types of interaction with the hippocampus are functionally separate and anatomically distinct. But they are of such a kind (controlling general tone and controll ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... wakefulness to sleep and later during sleep serves as a transition between REM-NREM sleep cycles. Typically, stage 1 constitutes 2% to 5% of total sleep time. An increase in the amount or percentage of stage 1 sleep may be a sign of sleep disruption. The brief first period of stage 1 NREM sleep is f ...
... wakefulness to sleep and later during sleep serves as a transition between REM-NREM sleep cycles. Typically, stage 1 constitutes 2% to 5% of total sleep time. An increase in the amount or percentage of stage 1 sleep may be a sign of sleep disruption. The brief first period of stage 1 NREM sleep is f ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... the REM sleep state. Human brain imaging studies of REM sleep show that the ventral pathway predominates during human REM sleep in activating anterior paralimbic structures (19,20). Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral State Changes: Modulatory Structures In large part, these preclinical studies have fo ...
... the REM sleep state. Human brain imaging studies of REM sleep show that the ventral pathway predominates during human REM sleep in activating anterior paralimbic structures (19,20). Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral State Changes: Modulatory Structures In large part, these preclinical studies have fo ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... Microdialysis probes were constructed according to a previously described method (Pettit and Justice 1989). Briefly, two lengths of fused silica capillary were offset by 1 mm, bound together with a small drop of cyanoacrylate, and fed through a guide tube connector (8IC313ICPNIT, Plastics One Inc.). ...
... Microdialysis probes were constructed according to a previously described method (Pettit and Justice 1989). Briefly, two lengths of fused silica capillary were offset by 1 mm, bound together with a small drop of cyanoacrylate, and fed through a guide tube connector (8IC313ICPNIT, Plastics One Inc.). ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... N.B. melatonin secretion is not dependent upon sleep, persisting in individuals kept awake at night. melatonin has phase-shifting properties opposite to bright light effects: melatonin administered in afternoon produces phase advances, whereas melatonin given in morning produces phase delays. ...
... N.B. melatonin secretion is not dependent upon sleep, persisting in individuals kept awake at night. melatonin has phase-shifting properties opposite to bright light effects: melatonin administered in afternoon produces phase advances, whereas melatonin given in morning produces phase delays. ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... activity in the brainstem reticular formation is reduced from waking levels to the lowest levels that occur during the sleep-wake cycle (Siegel, 1979). In the cerebral cortex, unit discharge rates are also reduced in NREM sleep. There is a profound fall in blood flow, correlated with decreased gluco ...
... activity in the brainstem reticular formation is reduced from waking levels to the lowest levels that occur during the sleep-wake cycle (Siegel, 1979). In the cerebral cortex, unit discharge rates are also reduced in NREM sleep. There is a profound fall in blood flow, correlated with decreased gluco ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... increased sleep (sleep rebound) after sleep deprivation. During NREM sleep recovery, delta power decreases exponentially with time, tracking the dissipation of the behavioral sleep debt. REM sleep is also homeostatically regulated. has been proposed [1,19,23]: rapid reversibility (as opposed to hibe ...
... increased sleep (sleep rebound) after sleep deprivation. During NREM sleep recovery, delta power decreases exponentially with time, tracking the dissipation of the behavioral sleep debt. REM sleep is also homeostatically regulated. has been proposed [1,19,23]: rapid reversibility (as opposed to hibe ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... in the Catacomb (Cannon et al., 2003) simulation environment and its performance with different numbers of spikes representing individual items. The mechanism postulated for first-in-first-out replacement of buffered items is then presented. The functional effects of significant changes of specific ...
... in the Catacomb (Cannon et al., 2003) simulation environment and its performance with different numbers of spikes representing individual items. The mechanism postulated for first-in-first-out replacement of buffered items is then presented. The functional effects of significant changes of specific ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... conditioned SCRs in men (Jackson et al., 2006). A stressor applied between acquisition and extinction in operant conditioning increased behavioural resistance to extinction (Schwabe and Wolf, 2011). Furthermore, stress after extinction of contextual fear increased extinction recall on a separate day ...
... conditioned SCRs in men (Jackson et al., 2006). A stressor applied between acquisition and extinction in operant conditioning increased behavioural resistance to extinction (Schwabe and Wolf, 2011). Furthermore, stress after extinction of contextual fear increased extinction recall on a separate day ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... conditioned SCRs in men (Jackson et al., 2006). A stressor applied between acquisition and extinction in operant conditioning increased behavioural resistance to extinction (Schwabe and Wolf, 2011). Furthermore, stress after extinction of contextual fear increased extinction recall on a separate day ...
... conditioned SCRs in men (Jackson et al., 2006). A stressor applied between acquisition and extinction in operant conditioning increased behavioural resistance to extinction (Schwabe and Wolf, 2011). Furthermore, stress after extinction of contextual fear increased extinction recall on a separate day ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare et al, 2004; Davis, 2006; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005). The site of extinction acquisition, however, has been difficult to ...
... basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare et al, 2004; Davis, 2006; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005). The site of extinction acquisition, however, has been difficult to ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... oscillations provided the precise temporal synchrony necessary for binding distributed cells involved in coding various aspects of a particular stimulus. Gamma synchronized firing was recorded across neurons in separate columns of primary visual cortex when cells responded to different aspects of th ...
... oscillations provided the precise temporal synchrony necessary for binding distributed cells involved in coding various aspects of a particular stimulus. Gamma synchronized firing was recorded across neurons in separate columns of primary visual cortex when cells responded to different aspects of th ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... Larval zebrafish possess several experimental advantages for investigating the molecular and neural bases of learning and memory. Despite this, neuroscientists have only recently begun to use these animals to study memory. However, in a relatively short period of time a number of forms of learning h ...
... Larval zebrafish possess several experimental advantages for investigating the molecular and neural bases of learning and memory. Despite this, neuroscientists have only recently begun to use these animals to study memory. However, in a relatively short period of time a number of forms of learning h ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippocampus (13) and visual cortex (14), neuronal activity patterns present during maze running can be detected ...
... The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippocampus (13) and visual cortex (14), neuronal activity patterns present during maze running can be detected ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.