Prefrontal Activation Deficits During Episodic Memory in
... hypothesis, structural and molecular hippocampal abnormalities have been documented in schizophrenia (10,11). However, these patients do not exhibit the classic amnesic syndrome typical of medial temporal lobe dysfunction (12,13), suggesting that regions beyond this lobe may contribute to memory def ...
... hypothesis, structural and molecular hippocampal abnormalities have been documented in schizophrenia (10,11). However, these patients do not exhibit the classic amnesic syndrome typical of medial temporal lobe dysfunction (12,13), suggesting that regions beyond this lobe may contribute to memory def ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... functions of 1-class integrins in excitatory neurons, we used another cre line whose expression is driven by the emx1 gene promoter by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site element engineered into the emx1 locus (Gorski et al., 2002). In contrast to the nestin promoter-regulated cre, the expres ...
... functions of 1-class integrins in excitatory neurons, we used another cre line whose expression is driven by the emx1 gene promoter by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site element engineered into the emx1 locus (Gorski et al., 2002). In contrast to the nestin promoter-regulated cre, the expres ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... these last two theoretical studies explored the computational importance of temporally asymmetric Hebbian learning before STDP was clearly established experimentally. Temporally asymmetric STDP connects Hebbian learning with predictive coding. If a feature in the synaptic input pattern can reliably ...
... these last two theoretical studies explored the computational importance of temporally asymmetric Hebbian learning before STDP was clearly established experimentally. Temporally asymmetric STDP connects Hebbian learning with predictive coding. If a feature in the synaptic input pattern can reliably ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... pool to the active zone, is necessary for BDNF enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission (ThakkerVaria and others 2001). Thus, it appears as though NT signaling plays a fundamental role in both developmental and adult activity-dependent synaptic plasticity through transcriptional and/or trans ...
... pool to the active zone, is necessary for BDNF enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission (ThakkerVaria and others 2001). Thus, it appears as though NT signaling plays a fundamental role in both developmental and adult activity-dependent synaptic plasticity through transcriptional and/or trans ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominen ...
... perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominen ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... ABSTRACT: The art of memory (ars memoriae) used since classical times includes using a well-known scene to associate each view or part of the scene with a different item in a speech. This memory technique is also known as the “method of loci.” The new theory is proposed that this type of memory is i ...
... ABSTRACT: The art of memory (ars memoriae) used since classical times includes using a well-known scene to associate each view or part of the scene with a different item in a speech. This memory technique is also known as the “method of loci.” The new theory is proposed that this type of memory is i ...
Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
Fut u re N
... ability of the brain to perform novel encoding in the absence of retrieval of existing memories – an imbalance in the separation of encoding dynamics from retrieval dynamics. The malignant synaptic growth hypothesis was inspired by neural network simulations, and those interested in a detailed descr ...
... ability of the brain to perform novel encoding in the absence of retrieval of existing memories – an imbalance in the separation of encoding dynamics from retrieval dynamics. The malignant synaptic growth hypothesis was inspired by neural network simulations, and those interested in a detailed descr ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... The ability to store new memories for facts and events is referred to as declarative memory and is a form of memory known to be critically dependent on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe (i.e. the hippocampus and surrounding cortical structures) [ 1,2*]. Systematic lesion studies carried out ...
... The ability to store new memories for facts and events is referred to as declarative memory and is a form of memory known to be critically dependent on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe (i.e. the hippocampus and surrounding cortical structures) [ 1,2*]. Systematic lesion studies carried out ...
SLEEP
... First nights sleep after implicit learning of visual discrimination task is required for improvement (Stickgold et al 2000) But optimal performance occurs after both SWS and REM are experienced (Gais et al 2000). Dual processes? SWS initiates and is required for consolidation, REM adds to this proce ...
... First nights sleep after implicit learning of visual discrimination task is required for improvement (Stickgold et al 2000) But optimal performance occurs after both SWS and REM are experienced (Gais et al 2000). Dual processes? SWS initiates and is required for consolidation, REM adds to this proce ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Csercsa Richárd
... the nervous system. According to our present knowledge, sleep is far too complex to be regarded as a passive state. There are indeed chemical substances that induce sleep such as sedatives or cytokines (e.g. TNF and IL-1) (Krueger et al., Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008), supporting the active hypothesis. On ...
... the nervous system. According to our present knowledge, sleep is far too complex to be regarded as a passive state. There are indeed chemical substances that induce sleep such as sedatives or cytokines (e.g. TNF and IL-1) (Krueger et al., Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008), supporting the active hypothesis. On ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical focus of the model concerns the connections between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies, and the medial thalamus. (As a matter of terminology the term hippocampus is used here to refer to the hippocampal fields CA1-4, the dentate gyrus, and ...
... 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical focus of the model concerns the connections between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies, and the medial thalamus. (As a matter of terminology the term hippocampus is used here to refer to the hippocampal fields CA1-4, the dentate gyrus, and ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... 2.4. Restraint stress The stress procedure used was the same as that previously reported by Faraji et al. (2009) with the exception that the restraint tubes were manually vibrated for 5–10 s every 15 min of that stress phase in order to prevent habituation. For restraint stress, the animals in the s ...
... 2.4. Restraint stress The stress procedure used was the same as that previously reported by Faraji et al. (2009) with the exception that the restraint tubes were manually vibrated for 5–10 s every 15 min of that stress phase in order to prevent habituation. For restraint stress, the animals in the s ...
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear
... model (Fig. 1A), the LA is seen as the major site of plasticity, whereas the central nucleus (CE) is viewed as a passive relay to downstream structures (LeDoux 2000). This model has great explanatory powers and has done much to galvanize interest in fear conditioning. However, some new data, as well ...
... model (Fig. 1A), the LA is seen as the major site of plasticity, whereas the central nucleus (CE) is viewed as a passive relay to downstream structures (LeDoux 2000). This model has great explanatory powers and has done much to galvanize interest in fear conditioning. However, some new data, as well ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
... 2005; Engle et al., 1999; Miyake, 2001) have concluded that the most valid and reliable measures of WM capacity are CWMS tasks, such as reading span (Daneman and Carpenter, 1980) and operation span (Turner and Engle, 1989). In CWMS tasks, subjects remember a short stimulus list for later recall, and ...
... 2005; Engle et al., 1999; Miyake, 2001) have concluded that the most valid and reliable measures of WM capacity are CWMS tasks, such as reading span (Daneman and Carpenter, 1980) and operation span (Turner and Engle, 1989). In CWMS tasks, subjects remember a short stimulus list for later recall, and ...
Full Text - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... group met that threshold and was removed. Data were analysed by the general linear model, in which individual events were modelled by a canonical haemodynamic response function. Two design matrices were created for each participant: one for the encoding strategy and semantic relatedness contrasts an ...
... group met that threshold and was removed. Data were analysed by the general linear model, in which individual events were modelled by a canonical haemodynamic response function. Two design matrices were created for each participant: one for the encoding strategy and semantic relatedness contrasts an ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... both structurally59 and functionally60 reversible, which indicates that there is a high level of behaviorally induced synaptic plasticity during both damage and recovery. Recent studies that examined the interactive effects of stress and aging on dendritic arbors and spines of neurons in the PL area ...
... both structurally59 and functionally60 reversible, which indicates that there is a high level of behaviorally induced synaptic plasticity during both damage and recovery. Recent studies that examined the interactive effects of stress and aging on dendritic arbors and spines of neurons in the PL area ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... stored on CA3 recurrent collateral connections. Although behavioural observations support the notion that the mossy fibers are crucial for decorrelating new memory representations from previous ones, a number of findings require that this view be reassessed and articulated more precisely in the spat ...
... stored on CA3 recurrent collateral connections. Although behavioural observations support the notion that the mossy fibers are crucial for decorrelating new memory representations from previous ones, a number of findings require that this view be reassessed and articulated more precisely in the spat ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
Low Quality
... energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is the only (or even the main) reason that sleep has evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, ...
... energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is the only (or even the main) reason that sleep has evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.