Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfamiliar contexts had not been personally experienced. Each run consisted of 8 PF, 8 FF, and 8 FU trials, and the trials were randomized within each run. An event-related design was employed (see Fig. 2). Each of the 2 ...
... contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfamiliar contexts had not been personally experienced. Each run consisted of 8 PF, 8 FF, and 8 FU trials, and the trials were randomized within each run. An event-related design was employed (see Fig. 2). Each of the 2 ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... Boston College cal processing regions associated with visual perception, a possibility that stems from a long history of behavioral research relating memory encoding and retrieval processes (see Roediger, Gallo, & Geraci, 2002; Tulving & Thomson, 1973). Two forms of explicit memory tasks were consid ...
... Boston College cal processing regions associated with visual perception, a possibility that stems from a long history of behavioral research relating memory encoding and retrieval processes (see Roediger, Gallo, & Geraci, 2002; Tulving & Thomson, 1973). Two forms of explicit memory tasks were consid ...
Matlin, Cognition, 7e, Chapter 8: General Knowledge
... 2. A network contains basic neuron-like units or nodes, which are connected together so that a specific node has many links to other nodes (hence the alternate name for the theory: connectionism). PDP theorists argue that most cognitive processes can be explained by the activation of these networks. ...
... 2. A network contains basic neuron-like units or nodes, which are connected together so that a specific node has many links to other nodes (hence the alternate name for the theory: connectionism). PDP theorists argue that most cognitive processes can be explained by the activation of these networks. ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... pyramidal cell-pyramidal cell connections, while an increase in the burst frequency to 20 Hz switched LTD to NMDARmediated LTP. The latter phenomenon seems to follow the logic of membrane-potential based rules [74] summarized recently by Spruston and Cang [75]: “When neurons A and B are activated to ...
... pyramidal cell-pyramidal cell connections, while an increase in the burst frequency to 20 Hz switched LTD to NMDARmediated LTP. The latter phenomenon seems to follow the logic of membrane-potential based rules [74] summarized recently by Spruston and Cang [75]: “When neurons A and B are activated to ...
Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... BDNF to PTSD [49]. In addition, transgenic, molecular and behavioral studies in rodents have provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of BDNF signaling in PTSD. There is burgeoning evidence for an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) and vari ...
... BDNF to PTSD [49]. In addition, transgenic, molecular and behavioral studies in rodents have provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of BDNF signaling in PTSD. There is burgeoning evidence for an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) and vari ...
Frontal Lobes and Memory - University of California, Berkeley
... Several studies have shown that free recall impairment in frontal patients is due to a failure to make use of semantic organization inherent in list material (Hildebrandt et al., 1998; Hirst & Volpe, 1988; Jetter et al., 1986; Kopelman & Stanhope, 1998; Stuss et al., 1994). Semantic encoding has bee ...
... Several studies have shown that free recall impairment in frontal patients is due to a failure to make use of semantic organization inherent in list material (Hildebrandt et al., 1998; Hirst & Volpe, 1988; Jetter et al., 1986; Kopelman & Stanhope, 1998; Stuss et al., 1994). Semantic encoding has bee ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... The hippocampus is a medial temporal brain structure in the limbic system that plays an essential role in new learning and memory formation [9]. In healthy individuals, the hippocampus is engaged during encoding and retrieval of information [10]. However, during and after exposure to a traumatic exp ...
... The hippocampus is a medial temporal brain structure in the limbic system that plays an essential role in new learning and memory formation [9]. In healthy individuals, the hippocampus is engaged during encoding and retrieval of information [10]. However, during and after exposure to a traumatic exp ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... As described earlier, newborn neurons integrate into the hippocampal circuitry; however, the mechanisms involved in their integration are currently not well understood. Nevertheless, studies have shown that the survival of newborn neurons depends on sensory inputs. For example, ...
... As described earlier, newborn neurons integrate into the hippocampal circuitry; however, the mechanisms involved in their integration are currently not well understood. Nevertheless, studies have shown that the survival of newborn neurons depends on sensory inputs. For example, ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in olfactory memory retrieval, we performed an anatomical and functional screen of defined sets of mushroom body output neurons. We found that MB-V2 neurons were essential for retrieval of both shortand long-lasting memory, but not for memory fo ...
... remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in olfactory memory retrieval, we performed an anatomical and functional screen of defined sets of mushroom body output neurons. We found that MB-V2 neurons were essential for retrieval of both shortand long-lasting memory, but not for memory fo ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive patterns of brain activation and may have particular value in assessing clinical disorders of memory. This study used f ...
... However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive patterns of brain activation and may have particular value in assessing clinical disorders of memory. This study used f ...
The limbic system
... noradenergic locus coeruleus. It also sends axons that terminate within the cholinergic basal forebrain, the pedunculopontinethalamic nucleus (PPT) and lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus (LDT). The VLPO projections to these areas are inhibitory in nature as they are γaminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic ...
... noradenergic locus coeruleus. It also sends axons that terminate within the cholinergic basal forebrain, the pedunculopontinethalamic nucleus (PPT) and lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus (LDT). The VLPO projections to these areas are inhibitory in nature as they are γaminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... indeed support a more resistant memory, then their magnitude should somehow predict the time it takes to extinguish. To test this, we compared the mean correlation-factor index with the memory-persistence index (as in Figure 1G) on an individual session basis. We found a significant positive relatio ...
... indeed support a more resistant memory, then their magnitude should somehow predict the time it takes to extinguish. To test this, we compared the mean correlation-factor index with the memory-persistence index (as in Figure 1G) on an individual session basis. We found a significant positive relatio ...
Cellular mechanisms underlying network synchrony in the medial
... receptor-mediated inhibition. – On GABA-receptor-blocking situation, another cases are shown… ...
... receptor-mediated inhibition. – On GABA-receptor-blocking situation, another cases are shown… ...
Associative learning signals in the brain
... including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been done in the non-human primate model systems. The second related question concerns the other brai ...
... including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been done in the non-human primate model systems. The second related question concerns the other brai ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... Connections within region CA3 may not be the only synapses being modified. Synapses between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, th ...
... Connections within region CA3 may not be the only synapses being modified. Synapses between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, th ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... However, he could not retain memory during intensive tasks such as trying to remember a three-digit number with repeated rehearsals; as soon as his attention shifted to a new task, he did not recall the old task or having ever been exposed to it. However, H.M. still had vivid memories of childhood a ...
... However, he could not retain memory during intensive tasks such as trying to remember a three-digit number with repeated rehearsals; as soon as his attention shifted to a new task, he did not recall the old task or having ever been exposed to it. However, H.M. still had vivid memories of childhood a ...
The Role of Working Memory in Reading Disability
... Vellutino, Pruzek, Steger, & Meshoulam, 1973), found that poor readers do not perform less well than good readers on short-term memory tasks with nonspeech stimuli such as doodle drawings or photographs of strangers. With these stimuli, not easily given a phonological label, no significant differenc ...
... Vellutino, Pruzek, Steger, & Meshoulam, 1973), found that poor readers do not perform less well than good readers on short-term memory tasks with nonspeech stimuli such as doodle drawings or photographs of strangers. With these stimuli, not easily given a phonological label, no significant differenc ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40
... 10τ , the separation hardly exists. All four models considered, representing dominant inhibition, dominant excitation, a “balanced” case in between these two (model BC′ illustrated here), and the latter for the visual neocortex, exhibit similar decays of their peaks over these time scales. Future ca ...
... 10τ , the separation hardly exists. All four models considered, representing dominant inhibition, dominant excitation, a “balanced” case in between these two (model BC′ illustrated here), and the latter for the visual neocortex, exhibit similar decays of their peaks over these time scales. Future ca ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... nucleus (B) and the intercalated (ITC) cell masses, clusters of inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The B itself also projects directly to the ITC. These pathways provide multiple potential circuits for gating fear expression. Knowledge of ...
... nucleus (B) and the intercalated (ITC) cell masses, clusters of inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The B itself also projects directly to the ITC. These pathways provide multiple potential circuits for gating fear expression. Knowledge of ...
Consciousness & Its Variants
... Sensations can be strange Strange details are accepted without question Images are often difficult to remember ...
... Sensations can be strange Strange details are accepted without question Images are often difficult to remember ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.