recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and
... occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a target stimulus but not of non-target stimuli, responses to the target stimulus can be enhanced rather than reduced ...
... occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a target stimulus but not of non-target stimuli, responses to the target stimulus can be enhanced rather than reduced ...
Brain rhythms in mental time travel
... that allows the system to target memories formed within a particular temporal interval (Davelaar et al., 2005; Howard and Kahana, 2002; Mensink and Raaijmakers, 1988; Sederberg et al., 2008). We focus on one class of memory models known as retrieved context models (Howard and Kahana, 2002; Howard et ...
... that allows the system to target memories formed within a particular temporal interval (Davelaar et al., 2005; Howard and Kahana, 2002; Mensink and Raaijmakers, 1988; Sederberg et al., 2008). We focus on one class of memory models known as retrieved context models (Howard and Kahana, 2002; Howard et ...
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
... learning and memory. Indeed, in several psychological studies using human subjects, it has been shown that chewing (57–61) or even sucking (58) a piece of sugarfree, spearmint flavoured, chewing gum improved the score of immediate or delayed word recall, the sensitivity index of the spatial working- ...
... learning and memory. Indeed, in several psychological studies using human subjects, it has been shown that chewing (57–61) or even sucking (58) a piece of sugarfree, spearmint flavoured, chewing gum improved the score of immediate or delayed word recall, the sensitivity index of the spatial working- ...
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
... During deepest sleep (stages 3-4), brain activity slows down. There are large-amplitude, slow delta waves. Sleep walking, talking and night terrors can occur. Stage 3-4 distinction is subtle (25% to over 50% delta) ...
... During deepest sleep (stages 3-4), brain activity slows down. There are large-amplitude, slow delta waves. Sleep walking, talking and night terrors can occur. Stage 3-4 distinction is subtle (25% to over 50% delta) ...
STUFF TO ADD:
... sensory and association cortex: visual stimuli activate visual cortex, auditory stimuli activate auditory cortex, and so on. The MTL then encodes the experience by binding together these disparate brain regions, thus forming conscious associations among stimuli that are presented at the same time (S ...
... sensory and association cortex: visual stimuli activate visual cortex, auditory stimuli activate auditory cortex, and so on. The MTL then encodes the experience by binding together these disparate brain regions, thus forming conscious associations among stimuli that are presented at the same time (S ...
Cortical EEG correlates of successful memory encoding
... In the course of their lives, individuals experience a myriad of events. Some of them leave stable traces, and others fade away quickly. Recent advances in functional imaging methods allow researchers to contrast neuronal patterns of remembered against not remembered events at initial encoding. Rese ...
... In the course of their lives, individuals experience a myriad of events. Some of them leave stable traces, and others fade away quickly. Recent advances in functional imaging methods allow researchers to contrast neuronal patterns of remembered against not remembered events at initial encoding. Rese ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... From the inferotemporal cortex there are massive projections to the medial temporal lobe (MTL)6–8. Evidence from animal studies9–11, patient H.M.12–15 and other patients with lesions in the hippocampus and the MTL11,16,17 have clearly demonstrated the key role of the MTL in the creation of declarati ...
... From the inferotemporal cortex there are massive projections to the medial temporal lobe (MTL)6–8. Evidence from animal studies9–11, patient H.M.12–15 and other patients with lesions in the hippocampus and the MTL11,16,17 have clearly demonstrated the key role of the MTL in the creation of declarati ...
The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced
... Early experiments indicated that the vertical lobe (VL) is not involved in simple motor functions. Stimulating it or the superior frontal lobes in cuttlefish or octopus evoked no obvious effects, whereas stimulating other parts of the brain caused movements of various body parts.15,16 Removing the V ...
... Early experiments indicated that the vertical lobe (VL) is not involved in simple motor functions. Stimulating it or the superior frontal lobes in cuttlefish or octopus evoked no obvious effects, whereas stimulating other parts of the brain caused movements of various body parts.15,16 Removing the V ...
Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in Early
... has been reported to produce deficits traditionally associated with prefrontal dysfunction, whereas the same damage later in life does not. Bachevalier (1994) has reported that early, bilateral medial temporal damage in monkeys produces emotional and social dysfunction as well as deficits in learnin ...
... has been reported to produce deficits traditionally associated with prefrontal dysfunction, whereas the same damage later in life does not. Bachevalier (1994) has reported that early, bilateral medial temporal damage in monkeys produces emotional and social dysfunction as well as deficits in learnin ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... sequences of events from our recent or remote past that play out in our minds as if we were reliving the experience. For example, I can remember going into the kitchen this morning to prepare my breakfast, and sitting in the dining room eating it. I remember individual movements involved in getting ...
... sequences of events from our recent or remote past that play out in our minds as if we were reliving the experience. For example, I can remember going into the kitchen this morning to prepare my breakfast, and sitting in the dining room eating it. I remember individual movements involved in getting ...
Bill Greenough`s research career
... To account for these seemingly disparate effects of experience during development, Greenough proposed the replacement of the critical and sensitive period conceptualizations with those of Experience-Expectant and Experience-Dependent information storage arising from contact with the environment. Th ...
... To account for these seemingly disparate effects of experience during development, Greenough proposed the replacement of the critical and sensitive period conceptualizations with those of Experience-Expectant and Experience-Dependent information storage arising from contact with the environment. Th ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. These studies show that spindles play a role in learning also in other species and that laboratory animals can be used to investigate the underlying mechanisms (see below). The correlative relationship of sleep spindles and memory task performanc ...
... involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. These studies show that spindles play a role in learning also in other species and that laboratory animals can be used to investigate the underlying mechanisms (see below). The correlative relationship of sleep spindles and memory task performanc ...
Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory
... Richmond, 2001). Recent human cognitive neuroscientific studies support this account. For example, Taylor et al. (2006) observed greater PRC activity when healthy participants performed a crossmodal integration task with features belonging to living things (e.g., a picture of a cat and the sound ‘‘me ...
... Richmond, 2001). Recent human cognitive neuroscientific studies support this account. For example, Taylor et al. (2006) observed greater PRC activity when healthy participants performed a crossmodal integration task with features belonging to living things (e.g., a picture of a cat and the sound ‘‘me ...
Episodic autobiographical memories over the course of time
... of the lively argument about the neural substrates of long-term memory consolidation. Despite numerous neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological bases of longterm episodic memory consolidation are still subject to debate (Bright et al., 2006; Mc Gaugh, 2000; Meeter ...
... of the lively argument about the neural substrates of long-term memory consolidation. Despite numerous neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological bases of longterm episodic memory consolidation are still subject to debate (Bright et al., 2006; Mc Gaugh, 2000; Meeter ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M.
... memory. Fourth, H.M. appeared to have good access to facts and events from time periods remote to his surgery. This observation suggested that the medial temporal lobe cannot be the ultimate storage site for long-term memory. Permanent memory must be stored elsewhere, presumably in neocortex. In the ...
... memory. Fourth, H.M. appeared to have good access to facts and events from time periods remote to his surgery. This observation suggested that the medial temporal lobe cannot be the ultimate storage site for long-term memory. Permanent memory must be stored elsewhere, presumably in neocortex. In the ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M.
... memory. Fourth, H.M. appeared to have good access to facts and events from time periods remote to his surgery. This observation suggested that the medial temporal lobe cannot be the ultimate storage site for long-term memory. Permanent memory must be stored elsewhere, presumably in neocortex. In the ...
... memory. Fourth, H.M. appeared to have good access to facts and events from time periods remote to his surgery. This observation suggested that the medial temporal lobe cannot be the ultimate storage site for long-term memory. Permanent memory must be stored elsewhere, presumably in neocortex. In the ...
The honeybee as a model for understanding the basis of cognition
... using data from REF. 11). Such comparisons are possible with high precision because standard atlases exist for both the Drosophila11–13 and the bee brain14,15, allowing comparison also between absolute and relative volumes of brain parts. The major differences relate to the neural organization of th ...
... using data from REF. 11). Such comparisons are possible with high precision because standard atlases exist for both the Drosophila11–13 and the bee brain14,15, allowing comparison also between absolute and relative volumes of brain parts. The major differences relate to the neural organization of th ...
Brain oscillations and memory - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... Oscillatory coordination of reactivation/consolidation ...
... Oscillatory coordination of reactivation/consolidation ...
The case of KC: contributions of a memory
... Abstract K.C. has been investigated extensively over some 20 years since a motorcycle accident left him with widespread brain damage that includes large bilateral hippocampal lesions, which caused a remarkable case of memory impairment. On standard testing, K.C.’s anterograde amnesia is as severe as ...
... Abstract K.C. has been investigated extensively over some 20 years since a motorcycle accident left him with widespread brain damage that includes large bilateral hippocampal lesions, which caused a remarkable case of memory impairment. On standard testing, K.C.’s anterograde amnesia is as severe as ...
Neural changes underlying the development of
... of episodic memory during infancy (Bauer, 2007). These finding have led to the hypothesis that hippocampal changes would be particularly important for episodic memory in infancy and during early childhood rather than later in childhood when, as discussed in later sections, cortical changes are robust ...
... of episodic memory during infancy (Bauer, 2007). These finding have led to the hypothesis that hippocampal changes would be particularly important for episodic memory in infancy and during early childhood rather than later in childhood when, as discussed in later sections, cortical changes are robust ...
The Effect of Stimulating and Soothing Smells on Heart Rate and
... signals to other glands and tells them what, when, and how much to release. When certain fragrances enter the brain, they can trigger the hypothalamus, which then would activate the pituitary gland to release hormones that can induce autonomic changes compatible with relaxation and excitation (Duan ...
... signals to other glands and tells them what, when, and how much to release. When certain fragrances enter the brain, they can trigger the hypothalamus, which then would activate the pituitary gland to release hormones that can induce autonomic changes compatible with relaxation and excitation (Duan ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... activity in the perirhinal cortex was disrupted by the presentation of even a single intervening stimulus.22 The effect of intervening stimuli on the selective delay activity in the perirhinal or entorhinal cortices of rats has not been examined. A third requirement of a typical delayed match to sam ...
... activity in the perirhinal cortex was disrupted by the presentation of even a single intervening stimulus.22 The effect of intervening stimuli on the selective delay activity in the perirhinal or entorhinal cortices of rats has not been examined. A third requirement of a typical delayed match to sam ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
Bayesian Retrieval In Associative Memories With Storage Errors
... framework for retrieval, we must first outline what is known about the power of existing associative memory models. Capacity results in this area are notoriously confusing, because many different measures of capacity have been employed in many different ways. Autoassociative memories only provide ne ...
... framework for retrieval, we must first outline what is known about the power of existing associative memory models. Capacity results in this area are notoriously confusing, because many different measures of capacity have been employed in many different ways. Autoassociative memories only provide ne ...
Differential Roles of the Frontal Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and
... to perform learned sequences (Hikosaka et al., 1996a). Our monkeys had the opportunity to take a rest for 6 months, thus forgetting about the 2 1 5 task. We found that their performance for the learned hypersets was nearly perfect after the rest period. The memories for individual sequences were mai ...
... to perform learned sequences (Hikosaka et al., 1996a). Our monkeys had the opportunity to take a rest for 6 months, thus forgetting about the 2 1 5 task. We found that their performance for the learned hypersets was nearly perfect after the rest period. The memories for individual sequences were mai ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.