Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... more abstract models of the performance of human subjects in free recall and recognition (Metcalfe and Murdock 1981; Gillund and Shiffrin, 1984; Chappell and Humphreys, 1994). At the same time, as described below, this model is closely related to many previous theories of the function of individual ...
... more abstract models of the performance of human subjects in free recall and recognition (Metcalfe and Murdock 1981; Gillund and Shiffrin, 1984; Chappell and Humphreys, 1994). At the same time, as described below, this model is closely related to many previous theories of the function of individual ...
Hippocampus – Why is it studied so frequently?
... the polysynaptic pathway gives fibers to the anterior cingulate cortex where end the spinoreticulothalamic pathways involved in the perception of some aspects of pain 13. The hippocampus and memory Bekhterev (1900) was the first who pointed out the importance of the subicular complex in memory proce ...
... the polysynaptic pathway gives fibers to the anterior cingulate cortex where end the spinoreticulothalamic pathways involved in the perception of some aspects of pain 13. The hippocampus and memory Bekhterev (1900) was the first who pointed out the importance of the subicular complex in memory proce ...
New neurons retire early - The Gould Lab
... news and views projections of new neurons in hippocampal slices and confirmed that new granule cells gradually form mature projections onto neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus over the course of the first 4 weeks. Optical stimulation of 2-week-old granule neurons evoked excitatory postsynap ...
... news and views projections of new neurons in hippocampal slices and confirmed that new granule cells gradually form mature projections onto neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus over the course of the first 4 weeks. Optical stimulation of 2-week-old granule neurons evoked excitatory postsynap ...
Cognitive Psychology
... assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings and help make sense of current experiences helps us understand how we organize our knowledge. In conclusion, strengths of schema theory: Provides an explanation for how knowledge is stored in the mind something that is unobservable an ...
... assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings and help make sense of current experiences helps us understand how we organize our knowledge. In conclusion, strengths of schema theory: Provides an explanation for how knowledge is stored in the mind something that is unobservable an ...
Stress effects on memory
... 1992; Roozendaal et al., 1996). Furthermore, pharmacological blockade or genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain or directly in the basolateral amygdala has a detrimental effect on memory consolidation (Oitzl and de Kloet, 1992; Oitzl et al., 2001; Roozendaal and McGaugh, 1997 ...
... 1992; Roozendaal et al., 1996). Furthermore, pharmacological blockade or genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain or directly in the basolateral amygdala has a detrimental effect on memory consolidation (Oitzl and de Kloet, 1992; Oitzl et al., 2001; Roozendaal and McGaugh, 1997 ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... (Reuter, 1996). T-type channels have a low-voltage threshold for activation, whereas L-, N-, P-, Q- and R-type are high-voltage thresholdactivated channels. VGCCs have key roles in signal transduction between neurons and several studies implicate specific types in various forms of synaptic plasticit ...
... (Reuter, 1996). T-type channels have a low-voltage threshold for activation, whereas L-, N-, P-, Q- and R-type are high-voltage thresholdactivated channels. VGCCs have key roles in signal transduction between neurons and several studies implicate specific types in various forms of synaptic plasticit ...
Specialized Neurons, Their Characteristics And
... PhD, California State University Northridge, California ...
... PhD, California State University Northridge, California ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... Edited by: M. E. A. Reith © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ ...
... Edited by: M. E. A. Reith © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ ...
Neural Global Pattern Similarity Underlies True and False Memories
... correct orientation trials were not coded and thus were treated as an implicit baseline. To control for the differences in reaction time, reaction times for all items were included as one parametric regressor. Three contrasts (TO vs FN, LO vs LN, and TO vs LO) were defined to examine the effect of t ...
... correct orientation trials were not coded and thus were treated as an implicit baseline. To control for the differences in reaction time, reaction times for all items were included as one parametric regressor. Three contrasts (TO vs FN, LO vs LN, and TO vs LO) were defined to examine the effect of t ...
Does computational neuroscience need new synaptic
... configuration of sensory data the correct output is 5.8 (regression task). The objective of supervised learning is to optimize parameters of a machine or mathematical function that takes a data point as input and predicts the output, that is, that performs a correct classification or prediction. Mac ...
... configuration of sensory data the correct output is 5.8 (regression task). The objective of supervised learning is to optimize parameters of a machine or mathematical function that takes a data point as input and predicts the output, that is, that performs a correct classification or prediction. Mac ...
in search of memory traces
... appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particularly the sixth, accessory sixth, and seventh, showed essentially identical patterns of learning-induced increases in neuronal activity. It is important to stress t ...
... appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particularly the sixth, accessory sixth, and seventh, showed essentially identical patterns of learning-induced increases in neuronal activity. It is important to stress t ...
How cognitive theory guides neuroscience
... the progress of neuroscientific study of the hippocampus has been closely and continuously intertwined with cognitive theory regarding its widely celebrated role in episodic memory. Henry Molaison, the famous patient H.M., had widespread hippocampal damage and exhibited profound episodic memory defici ...
... the progress of neuroscientific study of the hippocampus has been closely and continuously intertwined with cognitive theory regarding its widely celebrated role in episodic memory. Henry Molaison, the famous patient H.M., had widespread hippocampal damage and exhibited profound episodic memory defici ...
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia
... required for normal retrieval of semantic knowledge but is necessary for normal acquisition of factual information and that (b) while semantic learning is not normal following damage to the hippocampal formation, acquisition of some new semantic knowledge can be supported by regions outside of the h ...
... required for normal retrieval of semantic knowledge but is necessary for normal acquisition of factual information and that (b) while semantic learning is not normal following damage to the hippocampal formation, acquisition of some new semantic knowledge can be supported by regions outside of the h ...
... of late expression. This protein forms part of a dimeric DNA-binding protein (activator protein 1 or AP1) which binds to specific sites of the multiple gene promoter region and enhances transcriptional activation of these genes (Kaczmarek, 1993; Morgan & Curran, 1991; Sheng & Greenberg, 1990; Struhl ...
The Neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the
... proposed an extinction model whereby the orienting reflex is seen to catalyze a new appraisal and change in the neuronal model of the unconditional stimulus. MacCulloch and Feldman (1996) proposed that eye movements in EMDR facilitated a “reassurance reflex” as a result of the positive visceral comp ...
... proposed an extinction model whereby the orienting reflex is seen to catalyze a new appraisal and change in the neuronal model of the unconditional stimulus. MacCulloch and Feldman (1996) proposed that eye movements in EMDR facilitated a “reassurance reflex” as a result of the positive visceral comp ...
The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog
... simplest instances of memory storage, and to study them in animals that were most experimentally tractable. To do this we needed to find experimental systems in which a simple behavioral act that could be modified by learning was controlled by a small number of large and accessible nerve cells. Only ...
... simplest instances of memory storage, and to study them in animals that were most experimentally tractable. To do this we needed to find experimental systems in which a simple behavioral act that could be modified by learning was controlled by a small number of large and accessible nerve cells. Only ...
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory
... that emotional targets (e.g., threatening faces, snakes, or spiders) pop out when embedded in an array of neutral distracters (e.g., friendly faces, flowers, or mushrooms) but the reverse is not true for neutral targets. It is proposed that an enhanced ability to detect a snake in a field of flowers ...
... that emotional targets (e.g., threatening faces, snakes, or spiders) pop out when embedded in an array of neutral distracters (e.g., friendly faces, flowers, or mushrooms) but the reverse is not true for neutral targets. It is proposed that an enhanced ability to detect a snake in a field of flowers ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... version of the task imply that RE inactivation interferes with the ability to use an allocentric spatial memory strategy, possibly due to indirect effects on hippocampal activity through silencing RE afferents to hippocampus. The working memory version of the task used a ‘‘delay’’ interval of 75 min ...
... version of the task imply that RE inactivation interferes with the ability to use an allocentric spatial memory strategy, possibly due to indirect effects on hippocampal activity through silencing RE afferents to hippocampus. The working memory version of the task used a ‘‘delay’’ interval of 75 min ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... version of the task imply that RE inactivation interferes with the ability to use an allocentric spatial memory strategy, possibly due to indirect effects on hippocampal activity through silencing RE afferents to hippocampus. The working memory version of the task used a ‘‘delay’’ interval of 75 min ...
... version of the task imply that RE inactivation interferes with the ability to use an allocentric spatial memory strategy, possibly due to indirect effects on hippocampal activity through silencing RE afferents to hippocampus. The working memory version of the task used a ‘‘delay’’ interval of 75 min ...
HIPPOCAMPUS
... ripple oscillations.The spike probability plots show that during different network oscillations representing two distinct brain states, interneurones of the same connectivity class show different firing activities and therefore modulate their specific postsynaptic target-domain in a brain-state-depe ...
... ripple oscillations.The spike probability plots show that during different network oscillations representing two distinct brain states, interneurones of the same connectivity class show different firing activities and therefore modulate their specific postsynaptic target-domain in a brain-state-depe ...
Neuropsychologia Hippocampal activation during episodic and
... that are well matched in other respects, including the type of stimuli presented, the familiarity of the stimuli, and the responses made by the participant, while varying only the source of the retrieved information. In one such study, Maguire and Mummery (1999) compared yes/no recognition for autob ...
... that are well matched in other respects, including the type of stimuli presented, the familiarity of the stimuli, and the responses made by the participant, while varying only the source of the retrieved information. In one such study, Maguire and Mummery (1999) compared yes/no recognition for autob ...
Remembering or Forgetting: The Lifetime of Memories
... the group improves memory while removing them accelerates forgetting. A special type of neuron in the brain controls the size of these groups. We think that this process regulates the lifetime of memories. ...
... the group improves memory while removing them accelerates forgetting. A special type of neuron in the brain controls the size of these groups. We think that this process regulates the lifetime of memories. ...
Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information
... rates) with novel stimuli [5], because there is less interference from previous exposure to the stimuli, and because there is a stronger difference in item familiarity between the sample and the test stimuli. Importantly, parahippocampal lesions cause impairments in working memory for conjunctions a ...
... rates) with novel stimuli [5], because there is less interference from previous exposure to the stimuli, and because there is a stronger difference in item familiarity between the sample and the test stimuli. Importantly, parahippocampal lesions cause impairments in working memory for conjunctions a ...
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Autobiographical
... amygdala were modulated during retrieval by ratings of emotional intensity. However, in this study, the amygdala effects were subthreshold when considering autobiographical memories that occurred only once (as opposed to repeated events). The question of when, during the process of retrieving and ma ...
... amygdala were modulated during retrieval by ratings of emotional intensity. However, in this study, the amygdala effects were subthreshold when considering autobiographical memories that occurred only once (as opposed to repeated events). The question of when, during the process of retrieving and ma ...
Earl Miller - The Sackler Institutes
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.