Hippocampal contributions to language
... Table 1. Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of hippocampal amnesic and BDC participants..................................................................................64! Table 2. Study 1: On-line referential processing experimental conditions. .......................65! Table 3. D ...
... Table 1. Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of hippocampal amnesic and BDC participants..................................................................................64! Table 2. Study 1: On-line referential processing experimental conditions. .......................65! Table 3. D ...
Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of
... memory (Digit Span Backward, Spatial Span Backward, LetterNumber Sequencing, and Arithmetic), as well as for the more demanding working memory conditions of the N-Back test (2-Back and 3-Back). For all working memory tests that revealed a significant difference among groups, the SupPar Lesion group’ ...
... memory (Digit Span Backward, Spatial Span Backward, LetterNumber Sequencing, and Arithmetic), as well as for the more demanding working memory conditions of the N-Back test (2-Back and 3-Back). For all working memory tests that revealed a significant difference among groups, the SupPar Lesion group’ ...
Brain and effort: brain activation and effort-related working
... KLS but not in healthy participants. The altered brain activation pattern in KLS patients was accompanied by lower performance levels and longer reaction times. In addition to functional differences between KLS and controls, we have also observed that the level of activation differs between individu ...
... KLS but not in healthy participants. The altered brain activation pattern in KLS patients was accompanied by lower performance levels and longer reaction times. In addition to functional differences between KLS and controls, we have also observed that the level of activation differs between individu ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... from before his surgery (Milner, et al., 1968). Specifically, he became unable to recall events from at least the three years prior to his surgery, potentially extending as far back as 11 years. This observation led to systems-level theories of consolidation in which memories are initially stored in ...
... from before his surgery (Milner, et al., 1968). Specifically, he became unable to recall events from at least the three years prior to his surgery, potentially extending as far back as 11 years. This observation led to systems-level theories of consolidation in which memories are initially stored in ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... non-additive. That is, stimulus factors are not equivalent with respect to their impact on controlling PER or its experience-dependent modulation when compared to the internal state. In fact, the physiological state determined whether and how the flies would respond to appetitive stimuli: Following ...
... non-additive. That is, stimulus factors are not equivalent with respect to their impact on controlling PER or its experience-dependent modulation when compared to the internal state. In fact, the physiological state determined whether and how the flies would respond to appetitive stimuli: Following ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... processing style of one of the neural systems. The main evidence leading to the present MPMS theory is the finding that acquisition of each task was impaired by disabling a different neural system, a triple dissociation. Coherence. The concept of parallel processing (Fig. 1) implies that information ...
... processing style of one of the neural systems. The main evidence leading to the present MPMS theory is the finding that acquisition of each task was impaired by disabling a different neural system, a triple dissociation. Coherence. The concept of parallel processing (Fig. 1) implies that information ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... This enabled us to test the effect of differential suppression of the initial and potentiated components of the synaptic weights. For comparisons between different combinations of suppression parameters during learning, we compared the overlap between neural response patterns elicited by two stored pat ...
... This enabled us to test the effect of differential suppression of the initial and potentiated components of the synaptic weights. For comparisons between different combinations of suppression parameters during learning, we compared the overlap between neural response patterns elicited by two stored pat ...
Program - Albion
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... which only prescribes increases in synaptic weights based on pre- and postsynaptic correlations, numerous methods have been suggested to ensure stability, such as weight normalization and weight decay (see Sejnowski, 1977, and Montague & Sejnowski, 1994, for reviews). The classical TD learning rule ...
... which only prescribes increases in synaptic weights based on pre- and postsynaptic correlations, numerous methods have been suggested to ensure stability, such as weight normalization and weight decay (see Sejnowski, 1977, and Montague & Sejnowski, 1994, for reviews). The classical TD learning rule ...
to receive a reprint - Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences
... 1996). The relation between working memory capacity and syntactic processing is particularly well established in the literature. For example, high-capacity individuals are more sensitive to syntactic ambiguities (e.g., MacDonald et al. 1992; Pearlmutter and MacDonald 1995; Long and Prat 2008) and ar ...
... 1996). The relation between working memory capacity and syntactic processing is particularly well established in the literature. For example, high-capacity individuals are more sensitive to syntactic ambiguities (e.g., MacDonald et al. 1992; Pearlmutter and MacDonald 1995; Long and Prat 2008) and ar ...
Memory Cure -- through ‘brain specific nutrients’?
... kinases selectively alter the activity of proteins. Kinases can remain active for hours once activated, and so have time to produce many prolonged alterations within the neuron. In addition, some kinases can enter the nucleus and initiate the activation of specific genes, thereby leading to the prod ...
... kinases selectively alter the activity of proteins. Kinases can remain active for hours once activated, and so have time to produce many prolonged alterations within the neuron. In addition, some kinases can enter the nucleus and initiate the activation of specific genes, thereby leading to the prod ...
Progress and Controversy in the Study of Posttraumatic Stress
... Studies looking at Vietnam veterans and physical and sexual abuse victims showed that their hippocampi were smaller; this is evidence for stress damaging the brain. ...
... Studies looking at Vietnam veterans and physical and sexual abuse victims showed that their hippocampi were smaller; this is evidence for stress damaging the brain. ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... identification of these regions on structural brain imaging scans. Indeed, many of the controversies in current human neuropsychological research may stem from inadequate control of lesion extent and location, as noted by Squire and Wixted: “The importance of thorough neuroanatomical measurement in ...
... identification of these regions on structural brain imaging scans. Indeed, many of the controversies in current human neuropsychological research may stem from inadequate control of lesion extent and location, as noted by Squire and Wixted: “The importance of thorough neuroanatomical measurement in ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... WH developed severe memory impairment during March 25–30, 1986, at the age of 63. His wife reported that on the evening of March 25, 1986, he appeared tired and withdrawn. Although he seemed strained and looked ashen, he nevertheless went to work the next day. That evening he admitted to his wife th ...
... WH developed severe memory impairment during March 25–30, 1986, at the age of 63. His wife reported that on the evening of March 25, 1986, he appeared tired and withdrawn. Although he seemed strained and looked ashen, he nevertheless went to work the next day. That evening he admitted to his wife th ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... Contrary to CA1, just a few studies have investigated DA modulation of LTP in the dentate gyrus, even if DA innervation is also present in a small amount but to a similar extent in this hippocampal region. Yanagihashi and Ishikawa (1992) found that LTP of the population spike in the dentate gyrus di ...
... Contrary to CA1, just a few studies have investigated DA modulation of LTP in the dentate gyrus, even if DA innervation is also present in a small amount but to a similar extent in this hippocampal region. Yanagihashi and Ishikawa (1992) found that LTP of the population spike in the dentate gyrus di ...
(2003). Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in
... identified hippocampal neurons that respond when animals are in particular locations in an environment16,17 and show lasting, experience-dependent plasticity18, indicating that the hippocampus might provide a spatial context that allows different aspects of an episode to be linked over the long term ...
... identified hippocampal neurons that respond when animals are in particular locations in an environment16,17 and show lasting, experience-dependent plasticity18, indicating that the hippocampus might provide a spatial context that allows different aspects of an episode to be linked over the long term ...
PREFRONTAL AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INTERACTIONS IN
... identified hippocampal neurons that respond when animals are in particular locations in an environment16,17 and show lasting, experience-dependent plasticity18, indicating that the hippocampus might provide a spatial context that allows different aspects of an episode to be linked over the long term ...
... identified hippocampal neurons that respond when animals are in particular locations in an environment16,17 and show lasting, experience-dependent plasticity18, indicating that the hippocampus might provide a spatial context that allows different aspects of an episode to be linked over the long term ...
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends
... aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) and over time comes to elicit a fear response in itself (conditioned stimulus paired with the US, [CS1]). The neural basis of delay conditioning is well understood (2): the basolateral amygdala receives simultaneous sensory inputs from CS1 and US and stores this ...
... aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) and over time comes to elicit a fear response in itself (conditioned stimulus paired with the US, [CS1]). The neural basis of delay conditioning is well understood (2): the basolateral amygdala receives simultaneous sensory inputs from CS1 and US and stores this ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... ne of the most influential observations in memory research has been the profound inability of patients with bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage to consciously remember events that have occurred since the neural insult (1). This deficit, which is specific to declarative or explicit memory (2, ...
... ne of the most influential observations in memory research has been the profound inability of patients with bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage to consciously remember events that have occurred since the neural insult (1). This deficit, which is specific to declarative or explicit memory (2, ...
the cognitive neuroscience of motivation and learning
... suggestion of the computational models is that the purpose of predicting rewards is to choose rewarding actions: that is, that the system supports instrumental conditioning. On a more causal level, pharmacological and lesion studies in animals also support the involvement of dopamine in both Pavlovi ...
... suggestion of the computational models is that the purpose of predicting rewards is to choose rewarding actions: that is, that the system supports instrumental conditioning. On a more causal level, pharmacological and lesion studies in animals also support the involvement of dopamine in both Pavlovi ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... random exploration respectively, such that the magnitude of bidirectional connections between place cells correlates with the relative distance between corresponding place fields. The asymmetry of the plasticity rule dictates that the strength of synaptic connections between place cells are also bia ...
... random exploration respectively, such that the magnitude of bidirectional connections between place cells correlates with the relative distance between corresponding place fields. The asymmetry of the plasticity rule dictates that the strength of synaptic connections between place cells are also bia ...
Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human
... the emergence of conceptual knowledge (Cohen and Eichenbaum, 1993; Eichenbaum, 2004) and the broader notion of semantic memory, empirical data have provided only equivocal support for this idea (e.g., Duff et al., 2006; Eichenbaum, 2004; Vargha-Khadem et al., 1997). As such, whether the hippocampus, ...
... the emergence of conceptual knowledge (Cohen and Eichenbaum, 1993; Eichenbaum, 2004) and the broader notion of semantic memory, empirical data have provided only equivocal support for this idea (e.g., Duff et al., 2006; Eichenbaum, 2004; Vargha-Khadem et al., 1997). As such, whether the hippocampus, ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... function of frequency over time ϕ(t ) = 0 2π f (τ )dτ . For the baseline oscillation with constant frequency f , this integration simply yields the baseline phase ϕ(t ) = 2π ft + ϕ(0). 4. Memory as phase angle Neural oscillations in single neurons have the potential capacity to hold memory for prior ...
... function of frequency over time ϕ(t ) = 0 2π f (τ )dτ . For the baseline oscillation with constant frequency f , this integration simply yields the baseline phase ϕ(t ) = 2π ft + ϕ(0). 4. Memory as phase angle Neural oscillations in single neurons have the potential capacity to hold memory for prior ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... at short retention intervals, it produced significantly higher learning performance than an equal amount of restudying when the retention interval was longer than one day (Wheeler et al. 2003; Karpicke and Roediger 2008; Toppino and Cohen 2009). These results suggest that the efficiency of testing o ...
... at short retention intervals, it produced significantly higher learning performance than an equal amount of restudying when the retention interval was longer than one day (Wheeler et al. 2003; Karpicke and Roediger 2008; Toppino and Cohen 2009). These results suggest that the efficiency of testing o ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.