Role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal
... an immunohistochemistry assay. Our results show a reduction in Fos-protein expression between the first and the last extinction session. In a follow-up experiment, intra-vmPFC microinjection of isoproterenol before the first extinction session facilitated the extinction of contextual fear. This facili ...
... an immunohistochemistry assay. Our results show a reduction in Fos-protein expression between the first and the last extinction session. In a follow-up experiment, intra-vmPFC microinjection of isoproterenol before the first extinction session facilitated the extinction of contextual fear. This facili ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... stimuli that are important for the organism. Stimuli such as fearful or angry faces signal potential danger and reliably activate the amygdala (Davis & Whalen, 2001) which in turn initiates the stress-response. In line with its important role in threat detection and emotional response generation, th ...
... stimuli that are important for the organism. Stimuli such as fearful or angry faces signal potential danger and reliably activate the amygdala (Davis & Whalen, 2001) which in turn initiates the stress-response. In line with its important role in threat detection and emotional response generation, th ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... Sleep homeostasis is characterized by an increase in sleep pressure following sleep deprivation that is related to the duration of prior wakefulness followed by a decline in sleep need as sleep accumulates. Circadian process There are two circadian peaks in wakefulness : one occurring (early evening ...
... Sleep homeostasis is characterized by an increase in sleep pressure following sleep deprivation that is related to the duration of prior wakefulness followed by a decline in sleep need as sleep accumulates. Circadian process There are two circadian peaks in wakefulness : one occurring (early evening ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... that sleep consists of REM sleep and Non-REM sleep. • Classification of sleep into REM and Non-REM started with the assumption that REM sleep is sleep with dream, and Non-REM is dreamless sleep. • Use of computer has helped in fast analysis of large data. ...
... that sleep consists of REM sleep and Non-REM sleep. • Classification of sleep into REM and Non-REM started with the assumption that REM sleep is sleep with dream, and Non-REM is dreamless sleep. • Use of computer has helped in fast analysis of large data. ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
Cannabis and cognition: short- and long
... mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis u ...
... mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis u ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... directly contrasted to observer perspective imagery, which would fit the idea that field perspective imagery is related to a greater sense of ‘reliving’ and subjective emotionality (see also Eich et al., 2009). Additionally we hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex/ precuneus would show gr ...
... directly contrasted to observer perspective imagery, which would fit the idea that field perspective imagery is related to a greater sense of ‘reliving’ and subjective emotionality (see also Eich et al., 2009). Additionally we hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex/ precuneus would show gr ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... • Wakefulness maintained by multiple neuronal systems with different neurotransmitters • Systems are partially redundant, no one system appears to be necessary or sufficient for wakefulness • Widespread projections to cortex, subcortical relays and brainstem or spinal cord, mutually excitatory influ ...
... • Wakefulness maintained by multiple neuronal systems with different neurotransmitters • Systems are partially redundant, no one system appears to be necessary or sufficient for wakefulness • Widespread projections to cortex, subcortical relays and brainstem or spinal cord, mutually excitatory influ ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... how complex neuronal activity affects the short-term state of synapses, as well as how this changed state affects information processing in return. Hippocampus: the role of STP in regulating synaptic information transfer Synapses that fire continuously at high frequencies eventually reach a steady-s ...
... how complex neuronal activity affects the short-term state of synapses, as well as how this changed state affects information processing in return. Hippocampus: the role of STP in regulating synaptic information transfer Synapses that fire continuously at high frequencies eventually reach a steady-s ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such ...
... Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... The role of sleep is to downscale synaptic strength to a baseline level that is energetically sustainable, makes efficient use of space, and is beneficial for learning and memory. Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2014). Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory co ...
... The role of sleep is to downscale synaptic strength to a baseline level that is energetically sustainable, makes efficient use of space, and is beneficial for learning and memory. Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2014). Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory co ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... then slowly modifies synaptic strengths until firing rates are restored. The timescale over which perturbations in firing are sensed and integrated, and the speed of the resulting homeostatic compensation, is still not entirely clear. On a theoretical level, the existence of “firing rate set points” ...
... then slowly modifies synaptic strengths until firing rates are restored. The timescale over which perturbations in firing are sensed and integrated, and the speed of the resulting homeostatic compensation, is still not entirely clear. On a theoretical level, the existence of “firing rate set points” ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... including areas of the Fusiform Gyrus; Dorsal: MT/MST/PPC, portions of the dorsal “where” processing stream including the posterior middle temporal gyrus and the posterior parietal cortex, including Brodmann’s areas 7a,c,ip,m; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (specifically areas 44, 45 and 47/ ...
... including areas of the Fusiform Gyrus; Dorsal: MT/MST/PPC, portions of the dorsal “where” processing stream including the posterior middle temporal gyrus and the posterior parietal cortex, including Brodmann’s areas 7a,c,ip,m; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (specifically areas 44, 45 and 47/ ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... 2. Long-term chemical and structural changes that the brain need to make learning & memory possible. ...
... 2. Long-term chemical and structural changes that the brain need to make learning & memory possible. ...
DOPAMINERGIC AUGMENTATION of HUMAN FEAR EXTINCTION
... In order to investigate the biological underpinnings of anxiety related disorders and their exposure based treatment, laboratory models of classical fear conditioning and extinction have received much interest in the last decades (Milad & Quirk 2012). The translation of neurobiological and pharmacol ...
... In order to investigate the biological underpinnings of anxiety related disorders and their exposure based treatment, laboratory models of classical fear conditioning and extinction have received much interest in the last decades (Milad & Quirk 2012). The translation of neurobiological and pharmacol ...
Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire
... monotonically with distance along the longitudinal axis, reaching 180 between the septal and temporal poles. The majority of concurrently recorded units were phase-locked to the local field theta at all dorsoventral segments. The power of VH theta had only a weak correlation with locomotion veloci ...
... monotonically with distance along the longitudinal axis, reaching 180 between the septal and temporal poles. The majority of concurrently recorded units were phase-locked to the local field theta at all dorsoventral segments. The power of VH theta had only a weak correlation with locomotion veloci ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex ...
... in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... phase, then you may mistake current sensory input for a retrieved memory (déjà vu), or you might mistake your retrieved memory from yesterday as a new event happening today and new information may distort old memories. If retrieval is allowed during the encoding phase, the spread of retrieval activi ...
... phase, then you may mistake current sensory input for a retrieved memory (déjà vu), or you might mistake your retrieved memory from yesterday as a new event happening today and new information may distort old memories. If retrieval is allowed during the encoding phase, the spread of retrieval activi ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... behavioral data, and address the relationships between long-term memory, short-term memory, and imagery, and between egocentric and allocentric and visual and ideothetic representations. Long-term spatial memory is modeled as attractor dynamics within medial–temporal allocentric representations, and ...
... behavioral data, and address the relationships between long-term memory, short-term memory, and imagery, and between egocentric and allocentric and visual and ideothetic representations. Long-term spatial memory is modeled as attractor dynamics within medial–temporal allocentric representations, and ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... the simplicity of this model system has allowed the analysis of short- and long-term forms of memory at the molecular and cellular level (see later). Thus, upon long-term sensitisation following behavioural training of the gill and siphon-withdrawal reflex, there is an increase in sensory neuron var ...
... the simplicity of this model system has allowed the analysis of short- and long-term forms of memory at the molecular and cellular level (see later). Thus, upon long-term sensitisation following behavioural training of the gill and siphon-withdrawal reflex, there is an increase in sensory neuron var ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... focal WM lesions consisting of T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrates, demyelination and axonal transection.2–4 However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical brain regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).5–8 Gray ...
... focal WM lesions consisting of T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrates, demyelination and axonal transection.2–4 However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical brain regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).5–8 Gray ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation of prefrontal areas, in line with theories of REM sleep generation and dreaming properties. On the other hand, during non-REM (NREM) sleep, dec ...
... On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation of prefrontal areas, in line with theories of REM sleep generation and dreaming properties. On the other hand, during non-REM (NREM) sleep, dec ...
Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase LTP and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously-consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace.