Get PDF - IOS Press
... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... Acharya et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2003, 2007). They are associated with paroxysmal foci, as identified by preoperative and intra-operative electographic recording in the mesial temporal lobe, and believed to arise in the entorhinal cortex (part of the parahippocampal gyrus), the amygdala, or the ros ...
... Acharya et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2003, 2007). They are associated with paroxysmal foci, as identified by preoperative and intra-operative electographic recording in the mesial temporal lobe, and believed to arise in the entorhinal cortex (part of the parahippocampal gyrus), the amygdala, or the ros ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... the first 5-s CS period and (B) CRs during the last 5-s CS period. (C, D) CRs during the first 5-s period and ORs during the last 5-s period, respectively. Contra refers to rats that received lesions of the CeA in one hemisphere and of the VTA in the other hemisphere, ipsi refers to rats that received ...
... the first 5-s CS period and (B) CRs during the last 5-s CS period. (C, D) CRs during the first 5-s period and ORs during the last 5-s period, respectively. Contra refers to rats that received lesions of the CeA in one hemisphere and of the VTA in the other hemisphere, ipsi refers to rats that received ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... is associated with increased amygdala reactivity [26-31] and an exaggerated emotional response to threats [11, 32, 33]. For example, prior work has shown that participants with low trait anxiety exhibit greater vmPFC activation compared to participants with high trait anxiety during cued fear condit ...
... is associated with increased amygdala reactivity [26-31] and an exaggerated emotional response to threats [11, 32, 33]. For example, prior work has shown that participants with low trait anxiety exhibit greater vmPFC activation compared to participants with high trait anxiety during cued fear condit ...
DOPAMINERGIC AUGMENTATION of HUMAN FEAR EXTINCTION
... An unconditioned stimulus (US, the food) evokes an unconditioned response (UR, salivation). After a few pairings of a neutral stimulus (the bell) with the US, the neutral stimulus evokes a response that prepares the organism for the US. Through these pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes the condit ...
... An unconditioned stimulus (US, the food) evokes an unconditioned response (UR, salivation). After a few pairings of a neutral stimulus (the bell) with the US, the neutral stimulus evokes a response that prepares the organism for the US. Through these pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes the condit ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... The BMAp is located in the caudal half of the amygdala. It is an oval-shaped region that contains primarily small- to medium-sized, medium- to darkly-stained neurons (Fig. 1). It first appears as a group of cells located dorsal to the lateral posterior cortical nucleus and extends to the caudal pole ...
... The BMAp is located in the caudal half of the amygdala. It is an oval-shaped region that contains primarily small- to medium-sized, medium- to darkly-stained neurons (Fig. 1). It first appears as a group of cells located dorsal to the lateral posterior cortical nucleus and extends to the caudal pole ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... per day, it was not possible to distinguish impairments in acquisition vs consolidation. When a massed extinction training design was used, it was observed that systemic NMDAr blockade (with CPP, (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid) before extinction training did not prevent acqu ...
... per day, it was not possible to distinguish impairments in acquisition vs consolidation. When a massed extinction training design was used, it was observed that systemic NMDAr blockade (with CPP, (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid) before extinction training did not prevent acqu ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial enough to serve as a replacement for the US which not only results in resistance to ex ...
... impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial enough to serve as a replacement for the US which not only results in resistance to ex ...
... amygdala, delineated with the striatal-related markers dopamine, adenosine 3 0 :5 0 -monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, and the related phosphoprotein Inhibitor-1. These basal forebrain systems project to autonomic nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem. We interpret these result ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... of the mechanisms governing LAT neuronal activity therefore is required for understanding the neuronal basis of these responses and more generally of emotional expression. Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its ...
... of the mechanisms governing LAT neuronal activity therefore is required for understanding the neuronal basis of these responses and more generally of emotional expression. Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity for glucocorticoids, i.e. how easily gl ...
... In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity for glucocorticoids, i.e. how easily gl ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... lead to the perception of pain, and how these may be altered in pathological pain states. This understanding will facilitate the proper development and use of pain treatments. ...
... lead to the perception of pain, and how these may be altered in pathological pain states. This understanding will facilitate the proper development and use of pain treatments. ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... scale. Recent studies indicate that temporal processing may not be centralized in one single brain structure but rather occurs across different specialized areas [6–8]. Temporal prediction can be induced by stimuli or events and also by the passing of time itself [9]. This fact is characterized by t ...
... scale. Recent studies indicate that temporal processing may not be centralized in one single brain structure but rather occurs across different specialized areas [6–8]. Temporal prediction can be induced by stimuli or events and also by the passing of time itself [9]. This fact is characterized by t ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... ABL neurons which represent appetitive stimuli were also activated by aversive stimuli, regardless of the particular sensory modality from which the experience comes (Shabel and Janak, 2009). This suggests a larger role for ABL in signaling the need for attention in the presence of cues, rather than ...
... ABL neurons which represent appetitive stimuli were also activated by aversive stimuli, regardless of the particular sensory modality from which the experience comes (Shabel and Janak, 2009). This suggests a larger role for ABL in signaling the need for attention in the presence of cues, rather than ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... which stress hormones can exert opposing effects (Wolf, 2009; Schwabe et al., 2010). In particular, neuroimaging studies on the direct impact of cortisol on extinction are lacking so far. The objective of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine the effects of co ...
... which stress hormones can exert opposing effects (Wolf, 2009; Schwabe et al., 2010). In particular, neuroimaging studies on the direct impact of cortisol on extinction are lacking so far. The objective of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine the effects of co ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... which stress hormones can exert opposing effects (Wolf, 2009; Schwabe et al., 2010). In particular, neuroimaging studies on the direct impact of cortisol on extinction are lacking so far. The objective of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine the effects of co ...
... which stress hormones can exert opposing effects (Wolf, 2009; Schwabe et al., 2010). In particular, neuroimaging studies on the direct impact of cortisol on extinction are lacking so far. The objective of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine the effects of co ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... might also participate in CTA acquisition. The idea of such an aftertaste involvement comes from the recent finding by Matsuo et al. [95,96], who recorded the chorda tympamc fibers during ingestive behavior of the rat. that the taste responses were slowly adaptive, and if the animals did not exhibit ...
... might also participate in CTA acquisition. The idea of such an aftertaste involvement comes from the recent finding by Matsuo et al. [95,96], who recorded the chorda tympamc fibers during ingestive behavior of the rat. that the taste responses were slowly adaptive, and if the animals did not exhibit ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
THALAMOAMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS STUDIED BY THE
... and parataenial nucleus, are mostly bilateral. INTRODUCTION ...
... and parataenial nucleus, are mostly bilateral. INTRODUCTION ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... Lennart Heimer is the principal author of Chapters 1–3. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a brief description of the origin and evolution of the concept of the limbic system and some deficiencies attributed to it as a basis for understanding behavior and human neuropsychiatric disorders. Chapter 3 describes ...
... Lennart Heimer is the principal author of Chapters 1–3. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a brief description of the origin and evolution of the concept of the limbic system and some deficiencies attributed to it as a basis for understanding behavior and human neuropsychiatric disorders. Chapter 3 describes ...
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a
... acquisition or performance of the avoidance response.6,60 Such observations created a paradox for two-factor fear theory. Authors such as Bolles43,60 and Seligman62 viewed these observations as particularly damaging to the avoidance paradigm. Two-factor theory fell out of favor in large part due to ...
... acquisition or performance of the avoidance response.6,60 Such observations created a paradox for two-factor fear theory. Authors such as Bolles43,60 and Seligman62 viewed these observations as particularly damaging to the avoidance paradigm. Two-factor theory fell out of favor in large part due to ...
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance
... acquisition or performance of the avoidance response.6,60 Such observations created a paradox for two-factor fear theory. Authors such as Bolles43,60 and Seligman62 viewed these observations as particularly damaging to the avoidance paradigm. Two-factor theory fell out of favor in large part due to ...
... acquisition or performance of the avoidance response.6,60 Such observations created a paradox for two-factor fear theory. Authors such as Bolles43,60 and Seligman62 viewed these observations as particularly damaging to the avoidance paradigm. Two-factor theory fell out of favor in large part due to ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... Global versus Local Architecture and Connections A different approach to architecture is to group areas by cortical type.2,8,20 The methods of parcellating by architecture and by type share some features but also have key differences. Architectonic areas are mapped on the basis of local features, su ...
... Global versus Local Architecture and Connections A different approach to architecture is to group areas by cortical type.2,8,20 The methods of parcellating by architecture and by type share some features but also have key differences. Architectonic areas are mapped on the basis of local features, su ...
Amygdala
The amygdalae (singular: amygdala; /əˈmɪɡdələ/; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin, from Greek ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'almond', 'tonsil'), are two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.