Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression
... disturbance, attention is generally biased towards positive stimuli22. However, individuals with clinical depression have no such selective attention towards angry, happy or neutral stimuli, and instead show an attentional bias for sad stimuli22. The inability to disengage from negative stimuli is t ...
... disturbance, attention is generally biased towards positive stimuli22. However, individuals with clinical depression have no such selective attention towards angry, happy or neutral stimuli, and instead show an attentional bias for sad stimuli22. The inability to disengage from negative stimuli is t ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... can occur everywhere in the brain. Regardless of the extent to which this may be true, the evidence to be considered here suggests a degree of specifiable specialization of information processing styles within each of the three systems, making them a good starting point for studying the information ...
... can occur everywhere in the brain. Regardless of the extent to which this may be true, the evidence to be considered here suggests a degree of specifiable specialization of information processing styles within each of the three systems, making them a good starting point for studying the information ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
Neurotoxic Lesions of Basolateral, But Not Central, Amygdala
... Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Department of Psychology-Experimental, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 ...
... Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Department of Psychology-Experimental, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ...
... Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ...
amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
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... Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the inferior colliculus (IC, auditory mesencephalon) and impairs auditory avoidance conditioning. The aim of this study was to determine in Golgi preparations and in cued fear conditioning whether stress affects other auditory components, like the thalamic ...
... Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the inferior colliculus (IC, auditory mesencephalon) and impairs auditory avoidance conditioning. The aim of this study was to determine in Golgi preparations and in cued fear conditioning whether stress affects other auditory components, like the thalamic ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... Cross-correlation analysis was performed to compare the patterns of piriform projections from different glomeruli (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 8 for detailed explanation of method and interpretation). The correlograms comparing identical and distinct glomeruli show an extended region of moder ...
... Cross-correlation analysis was performed to compare the patterns of piriform projections from different glomeruli (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 8 for detailed explanation of method and interpretation). The correlograms comparing identical and distinct glomeruli show an extended region of moder ...
Sample pages PDF
... hippocampus plays a less essential role in emotions but that it is critical to memory. The insula, in turn, is used to analyze changes in our visceral states associated with emotional experience allowing us to consciously perceive this ...
... hippocampus plays a less essential role in emotions but that it is critical to memory. The insula, in turn, is used to analyze changes in our visceral states associated with emotional experience allowing us to consciously perceive this ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... and nociceptive US converge on single neurons in LA, providing a substrate through which the US might modify processing of the CS. These commonly employed four criteria are not at issue. They are accepted for the purpose of comparing the AL and the MGm/PIN in auditory fear conditioning. For example, ...
... and nociceptive US converge on single neurons in LA, providing a substrate through which the US might modify processing of the CS. These commonly employed four criteria are not at issue. They are accepted for the purpose of comparing the AL and the MGm/PIN in auditory fear conditioning. For example, ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... brain are used as treatment for mood disorders, including anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. NA 347, 462. Relay system to the cerebral cortex for motor, learning and memory, and emotional systems. Depending on the loop, various thalamic nuclei are targeted by the basal ganglia. See below. Go ...
... brain are used as treatment for mood disorders, including anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. NA 347, 462. Relay system to the cerebral cortex for motor, learning and memory, and emotional systems. Depending on the loop, various thalamic nuclei are targeted by the basal ganglia. See below. Go ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... and freezing responses across seconds, in which each point in the correlation was composed by the average PL activity and the average freezing for a given 3 s bin (22 bins in total: 2 pretone bins, 10 tone bins, and 10 post-tone bins). Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of sp ...
... and freezing responses across seconds, in which each point in the correlation was composed by the average PL activity and the average freezing for a given 3 s bin (22 bins in total: 2 pretone bins, 10 tone bins, and 10 post-tone bins). Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of sp ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... the animal, and would appear to channel that information to structures of the limbic forebrain in the selection of appropriate responses to changing environmental conditions. Depending on the specific complement of emotionally associated information reaching PV/PT at any one time, PV/PT would appear ...
... the animal, and would appear to channel that information to structures of the limbic forebrain in the selection of appropriate responses to changing environmental conditions. Depending on the specific complement of emotionally associated information reaching PV/PT at any one time, PV/PT would appear ...
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral
... Instrumental/Operant Fear Conditioning – The acquisition of an active avoidance behavior that suppresses the outcome of (noxious) US via the presentation of a CS eg: Pressing a lever in order to avoid/suppress the upcoming shock, or escape behaviors. It seems not to exist an intense research on Inst ...
... Instrumental/Operant Fear Conditioning – The acquisition of an active avoidance behavior that suppresses the outcome of (noxious) US via the presentation of a CS eg: Pressing a lever in order to avoid/suppress the upcoming shock, or escape behaviors. It seems not to exist an intense research on Inst ...
Neuroimaging predictors of treatment response in anxiety disorders Open Access
... Although several psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders, not all patients respond well to each option. Furthermore, given the relatively long duration of adequate treatment trials, finding a good treatment fit can take many months or longer. Thus, bot ...
... Although several psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders, not all patients respond well to each option. Furthermore, given the relatively long duration of adequate treatment trials, finding a good treatment fit can take many months or longer. Thus, bot ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Anxiety Disorders 2017 Class Handouts
... same tone and done nothing particularly dramatic. Once the association of the tone to the shock occurs and a fear memory is made, later, the mouse needs to only hear the tone to freeze in its tracks. It has learned that something bad happens when it hears this tone. Following the pathway that leads ...
... same tone and done nothing particularly dramatic. Once the association of the tone to the shock occurs and a fear memory is made, later, the mouse needs to only hear the tone to freeze in its tracks. It has learned that something bad happens when it hears this tone. Following the pathway that leads ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... suggested a linear response in the amygdala, with increased activation associated with highly untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with both highly trustworthy and highly untrustworthy faces. The quadratic response in the amyg ...
... suggested a linear response in the amygdala, with increased activation associated with highly untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with both highly trustworthy and highly untrustworthy faces. The quadratic response in the amyg ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... is shown to create biological changes within the body (Van Der Kolk & Saporta, 1999, p. 199). Lawrence Kolb (1987) proposed the symptoms of PTSD are due to neuroanatomical and neuroendocrine changes caused by stress. Since Kolb’s proposal, there has been evidence to support “neurological and neuro-a ...
... is shown to create biological changes within the body (Van Der Kolk & Saporta, 1999, p. 199). Lawrence Kolb (1987) proposed the symptoms of PTSD are due to neuroanatomical and neuroendocrine changes caused by stress. Since Kolb’s proposal, there has been evidence to support “neurological and neuro-a ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... The neurons of the amygdala were tested for their responsiveness to the set of taste, viscosity, gritty, oily stimuli, and capsaicin, at room temperature (23 °C), and also the set of temperature stimuli as shown in Table 1. Details of the rationale for the choice of the stimuli are given by Rolls et ...
... The neurons of the amygdala were tested for their responsiveness to the set of taste, viscosity, gritty, oily stimuli, and capsaicin, at room temperature (23 °C), and also the set of temperature stimuli as shown in Table 1. Details of the rationale for the choice of the stimuli are given by Rolls et ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
... knockout, findings are used to present new views on existing data. As a mechanistic account I further address the prefrontal cortex–amygdala circuit, which will also be discussed in the framework of developmental changes in the communication between these two areas. Finally, the potential implicatio ...
... knockout, findings are used to present new views on existing data. As a mechanistic account I further address the prefrontal cortex–amygdala circuit, which will also be discussed in the framework of developmental changes in the communication between these two areas. Finally, the potential implicatio ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... reflect differences in the underlying fear conditioning pathways associated with the two sensory modalities. Dense direct connections from the medial division of the MGN and the posterior intralaminar ...
... reflect differences in the underlying fear conditioning pathways associated with the two sensory modalities. Dense direct connections from the medial division of the MGN and the posterior intralaminar ...
The limbic system. A maze on the essentials: memory, learning and
... hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected the midbrain with each cerebral hemisphere. He named it "Limbic Lobe" (from the Latin "l ...
... hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected the midbrain with each cerebral hemisphere. He named it "Limbic Lobe" (from the Latin "l ...
Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... recruitment of amygdala and PFC activity in Met/Met carriers during memory formation and retrieval of biologically relevant stimuli [53]. Finally, BDNF (Met/Met) carriers exhibited impaired extinction learning, which was correlated with altered activation of the amygdala, PFC and the hippocampus [54 ...
... recruitment of amygdala and PFC activity in Met/Met carriers during memory formation and retrieval of biologically relevant stimuli [53]. Finally, BDNF (Met/Met) carriers exhibited impaired extinction learning, which was correlated with altered activation of the amygdala, PFC and the hippocampus [54 ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... correlated neural activity between voxels to make inferences about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependen ...
... correlated neural activity between voxels to make inferences about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependen ...
Amygdala
The amygdalae (singular: amygdala; /əˈmɪɡdələ/; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin, from Greek ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'almond', 'tonsil'), are two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.