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Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy

... we expected more deficient conditioning in this subgroup than in that with antisocial characteristics and (2) no comorbid disorder on Axis I of the DSM-IV14 as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.15 The mean emotional detachment score was 11.63 (SD, 3.60; range, 10.5-14); mean a ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... abuse. Cocaine and amphetamines activate the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala via direct actions on dopamine terminals. Opioids activate opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala via direct actions on interneurons. Opioids facilitate the ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology

... rather than number of openings – can open Cl- channels in the absence of GABA • Perhaps that is why they are more dangerous ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation

... This training regimen produced a reduction in the ability of a predicted UCS to support further fear conditioning Following conditioning, amygdala and PAG neurons responded more robustly to shocks when they were presented unexpectedly than when they were signaled by the predictive CSa Finally, pharm ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)

... between-groups t-test, thresholded at p<.05 (df=26), corrected for the combined volume of the right dlPFC and mPFC using the same Monte Carlo technique we employed in the young monkey analyses (Fig. S5). The location and extent of the ROIs was dictated by our results in the juvenile rhesus sample. T ...
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear

... in the acquisition of learned fear. Second, findings from animal studies have been confirmed in humans with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques (Buchel et al. 1998; LaBar et al. 1998; Whalen et al. 1998), increasing the relevance of the animal model. Third, it is becoming increas ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From

... We have extended a computational model of the amygdala with two mechanisms that makes this possible. The first is a selection mechanisms that determines what stimuli should be allowed to remain active and the second is an approach system that is activates by the output from the amygdala. It is assum ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From

... We have extended a computational model of the amygdala with two mechanisms that makes this possible. The first is a selection mechanisms that determines what stimuli should be allowed to remain active and the second is an approach system that is activates by the output from the amygdala. It is assum ...
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory

... cortical response. By combining lesion and brain imaging techniques, Vuilleumier, Richardson, Armony, Driver, and Dolan (2004) were able to demonstrate that the enhanced response in the visual cortex to emotional stimuli may be the result of feedback from the amygdala. They showed a lack of visual c ...
Extinction Learning
Extinction Learning

... prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus serve to stabilize the memory. Following consolidation, retrieval of the extinction memory elicits increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which projects to the intercalated cell masses of the amygdala that in turn inhibit central nucleus outp ...
Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala
Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala

... in memorizing. However, they are responsible for different types of memory: the hippocampus is involved in creating and storing declarative engrams and the amygdala is engaged in some of non-declarative learning. During memorization, changes of synapses appear and it is believed that they encode inf ...
Brain days-Part V-Limbic
Brain days-Part V-Limbic

... It is possible that the altered emotional regulation or cognition found in all of these syndromes involves aberrant function of these circuits, but perhaps with different patterns on a molecular level. Phillips et al. 2003 ...
The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion
The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion

... attention has been given to the catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin). The study of the effects of these neuroactive substances gave rise to the "catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders" (19) that presented general (brain-wide) catecholamine (NE) depletion as a characterist ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain

... prefrontal cortex modulate the role of the hypothalamus in territoriality, aggression, the desirability of food, mates, etc. Reward-related signals from the ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens, but also from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate, mediate reward-based learni ...
Objectives 38 - U
Objectives 38 - U

... - projections through the medial forebrain bundle  septal nuclei, amygdala, other limbic structures  affecting was goes on in the cortex Amygdala - collection of nuclei located in temporal lobe at anterior end of hippocampus; role in linking conscious feelings with emotional expression - divided i ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala

... the two-process idea. The goal of the present work is to show that ¢ndings from neurophysiology can be used to give new insights into the emotional process in a two-process model. Our aim is to show how data from learning theory combined with neurophysiological ¢ndings can be used to construct a com ...
Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ
Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ

... liberals and conservatives have significantly different brain structure, with liberals showing increased gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, and conservatives showing increased gray matter volume in the in the amygdala. Here, we explore differences in brain function in liberals and ...
Schizophrenia and Other Disorders
Schizophrenia and Other Disorders

... – Subgroup: inverse correlation between ventricle size and response to drugs ...
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing

... Integration of neurochemical and anatomical information in emotional behavior Summary Further reading ...
Ch 18 - Brain Mechanisms of Emotion
Ch 18 - Brain Mechanisms of Emotion

... – Bilateral amygdalectomy reduces fear and aggression in all animals tested – Anger, sadness, and disgust may also be affected – S.M. case study: Inability to recognize fear in facial expressions ...
Ne_plas_cause
Ne_plas_cause

... Signs and symptoms of disorders • Not everything can be seen on MRI or other imaging techniques • Not everything has positive laboratory tests ...
50 Emotional States and Feelings
50 Emotional States and Feelings

... Based on this idea, James and the Danish psychologist Carl Lange proposed an alternative hypothesis: The feeling state, the conscious experience of emotion, occurs after the cortex receives signals about changes in our physiological state. Feelings are preceded by certain physiological changes—an in ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of

... They reasoned that there would be a biological advantage in delaying memory consolidation until the significance of an experience could be evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect the development of memories, but do not store them. Consistent w ...
Discriminative Auditory Fear Learning Requires Both Tuned
Discriminative Auditory Fear Learning Requires Both Tuned

... thought to be important for sound discrimination. • The nonlemniscal stream has less selective neurons, which are not tonotopically organized, and is thought to be important for multimodal processing and for several forms of learning. ...
Supplemental Text Box 1 The Neurobiology of Arousal The defense
Supplemental Text Box 1 The Neurobiology of Arousal The defense

... and defense.2-5 It also contains the neurons that make the recently discovered peptide orexin (aka hypocretin), whose function is to maintain wakefulness and increase arousal during motivated behavior.6,7 Orexin neurons project to the cortex and thalamus, as well as to premotor centers (autonomic an ...
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Amygdala



The amygdalae (singular: amygdala; /əˈmɪɡdələ/; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin, from Greek ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'almond', 'tonsil'), are two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.
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