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Transcript
Cell Structure and Function • Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions • Warm up: how does cell structure relate to cell function? How can this relationship be seen between different organisms? Hint: Smooth muscle cell of a human Smooth Muscle cell of a cow ANSWER • Cell Structure determines cell function • Cells that have similar functions in different organisms tend to have similar structures What is a Cell? • Cells are defined as the smallest working unit of living things Cell of a corn plant Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the smallest working units of living things 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division Types of cells • Eukaryote- has membrane bound organelles and nucleus Example (humans) • Prokaryote- do not have a nucleus Example (bacteria) “The Staph”: MRSA Bacteria Organelles • Specialized structures that perform specific functions within eukaryotic cells • Means “ tiny organs” Types of Organelles • The Nucleus- the control center of the cell Contains: Nucleolus- dark spot in the center of the nucleus makes ribosomes ChromosomesDNA and genetic information Cell Membrane • Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell • Semi-permeable- some things are allowed in and out some are not • “The gate keeper” • Helps maintain cell shape • Made of lipids Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Transportation network carries, vesicles to be secreted • • • • 2 types Rough ER- has ribosomes, makes proteins Smooth ER- Synthesizes lipids, no ribosomes Ribosomes • Made of RNA and Protein • The “Protein factories” of the cell, linking together amino acids Golgi Apparatus • Stack of membranes • Modifies, packages and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes • Found only in animal cells • Filled with enzymes that breakdown certain materials in the cell Example: Old worn out organelles Vacuoles • Transports and stores nutrients, waste and water • Small -in animal cells • Large – in plant cells Contractile Vacuole • Remove excess water from the cell by “squeezing” it out • Found in Paramecium Mitochondria • “The Powerhouse of the cell” • Makes energy for the cell Chloroplast • Contains Chlorophyll (green color) • Makes food for plants • Found only in plants and algae Cell Wall • Found in plants, bacteria, and fungi • Protective outer covering that helps give plants their structure • Made of cellulose Date: 11/14/07 Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions Warm up: • How is the cell membrane like a “gate keeper”? • How does the cell membrane’s function contribute to Homeostasis? Agenda: -Finish power point notes -Prep for Friday in class project • The cell membrane is Semi-permeable only allowing certain things in and out. • The cell membrane contributes to Homeostasis because it regulates what enters and exits the cell allowing it to maintain a balanced state. Cytoplasm • Jelly like material inside cell membrane • Where chemical reactions take place in the cell Cytoskeleton • Made of microtubules and microfilaments • Helps the cell maintain its shape • Involved in forms of cell movement Centrioles • Aid in animal cell division Cilia and Flagella • Aid in movement Cilia Flagellum Cilia- Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane. •Move with a beating action. Flagella- Longer, less numerous projections from the plasma membrane. • Move with a “whip-like” action. • Cilia animation Summarizer • Name the numbered organelles 1-8 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5