Airway Epithelial Surfaces Neutrophil Capture and Killing Bacteria
... through the extracellular matrix and onto the epithelial surface, not how they move through the actual infection site, i.e., mucus (8, 9). Accordingly, we designed experimental systems to investigate how neutrophils penetrate mucus to capture bacteria and whether these processes are affected by the ...
... through the extracellular matrix and onto the epithelial surface, not how they move through the actual infection site, i.e., mucus (8, 9). Accordingly, we designed experimental systems to investigate how neutrophils penetrate mucus to capture bacteria and whether these processes are affected by the ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... schematically depicted in Figure 1A, seems very simple yet is poorly understood on a molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence w ...
... schematically depicted in Figure 1A, seems very simple yet is poorly understood on a molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence w ...
Microtubule Reconfiguration during Axonal Retraction Induced by
... not obtain optical sections for this application. Any bleed-through between the FI TC and C y3 channels was eliminated by activating only the appropriate excitation wavelength and photomultiplier (and leaving that of the other channel off). The fluorescence ratio per pixel of the FI TC and C y3 imag ...
... not obtain optical sections for this application. Any bleed-through between the FI TC and C y3 channels was eliminated by activating only the appropriate excitation wavelength and photomultiplier (and leaving that of the other channel off). The fluorescence ratio per pixel of the FI TC and C y3 imag ...
Protists - Typepad
... Chapter 19 Protists Section 1: Introduction to Protists Section 2: Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Section 3: Algae—Plantlike Protists Section 4: Funguslike Protists ...
... Chapter 19 Protists Section 1: Introduction to Protists Section 2: Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Section 3: Algae—Plantlike Protists Section 4: Funguslike Protists ...
An intracellular replication niche for Vibrio cholerae in the amoeba
... total bacteria (with 103–104 bacteria per ml), they can contribute significantly to the biomass in aquatic environments (Yooseph et al., 2010). Such balanced biomass is based on rapid growth combined with high predation (Takemura et al., 2014). As predatory free-living amoebae and V. cholerae occur ...
... total bacteria (with 103–104 bacteria per ml), they can contribute significantly to the biomass in aquatic environments (Yooseph et al., 2010). Such balanced biomass is based on rapid growth combined with high predation (Takemura et al., 2014). As predatory free-living amoebae and V. cholerae occur ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... lysin by the same experimental procedures after culture treatment with the Sec inhibitor sodium azide. It was found that the phage lytic enzyme is possibly exported by the Sec system of pneumococci in spite of the striking absence of a signal sequence that could target it to the extracytoplasmic env ...
... lysin by the same experimental procedures after culture treatment with the Sec inhibitor sodium azide. It was found that the phage lytic enzyme is possibly exported by the Sec system of pneumococci in spite of the striking absence of a signal sequence that could target it to the extracytoplasmic env ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... aboveground organogenesis and the root gravitropic response. Arabidopsis contains a total of eight PIN sequences, and isolation of other pin mutants extended the repertoire of processes mediated by this auxin efflux carrier family. Auxin transport mediated by PINs is necessary from the very beginning ...
... aboveground organogenesis and the root gravitropic response. Arabidopsis contains a total of eight PIN sequences, and isolation of other pin mutants extended the repertoire of processes mediated by this auxin efflux carrier family. Auxin transport mediated by PINs is necessary from the very beginning ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... [1]. When in a polymicrobial environment, any advantage in the competition for limited nutrients increases the fitness of that microbe. One way to obtain such an advantage is by killing off the competition. When treated with an antibiotic, P. aeruginosa will package it into OMVs for secretion and re ...
... [1]. When in a polymicrobial environment, any advantage in the competition for limited nutrients increases the fitness of that microbe. One way to obtain such an advantage is by killing off the competition. When treated with an antibiotic, P. aeruginosa will package it into OMVs for secretion and re ...
Atomic force microscopy study of the role of LPS O
... from one another ( p < 0.05). The two O113 serotypes had LPS lengths of 17 10 nm (for O113:H4) and 37 9 nm (for O113:H21), and these values were statistically different from one another ( p < 0.05). Further, LPS lengths of each of the control strains were significantly shorter compared to all O- ...
... from one another ( p < 0.05). The two O113 serotypes had LPS lengths of 17 10 nm (for O113:H4) and 37 9 nm (for O113:H21), and these values were statistically different from one another ( p < 0.05). Further, LPS lengths of each of the control strains were significantly shorter compared to all O- ...
The Plant Actin Cytoskeleton Responds to Signals from Microbe
... Plants are constantly exposed to a large and diverse array of microbes; however, most plants are immune to the majority of potential invaders and susceptible to only a small subset of pathogens. The cytoskeleton comprises a dynamic intracellular framework that responds rapidly to biotic stresses and ...
... Plants are constantly exposed to a large and diverse array of microbes; however, most plants are immune to the majority of potential invaders and susceptible to only a small subset of pathogens. The cytoskeleton comprises a dynamic intracellular framework that responds rapidly to biotic stresses and ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... only in vertebrates, and GM130 is present only in mammals. This doesn’t mean that they are unimportant. Rather, it probably indicates that the Golgi is structurally adapted in different species to meet the specific needs of different cell types. For example, the recent finding that GM130 is not requ ...
... only in vertebrates, and GM130 is present only in mammals. This doesn’t mean that they are unimportant. Rather, it probably indicates that the Golgi is structurally adapted in different species to meet the specific needs of different cell types. For example, the recent finding that GM130 is not requ ...
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... seen in microbiological solid growth media (e.g. blood agar plate). Until now these colonies have not been appropriately analyzed. However, such morphological variations (opaque and transparent) of bacterial colonies are also true for several diplococcic Gram-positive pathogens including S. mutans ( ...
... seen in microbiological solid growth media (e.g. blood agar plate). Until now these colonies have not been appropriately analyzed. However, such morphological variations (opaque and transparent) of bacterial colonies are also true for several diplococcic Gram-positive pathogens including S. mutans ( ...
S C T
... pore-forming toxins) partition spontaneously into the host cell membrane where they fold and/or assemble and form integral membrane protein pores that promote translocation of toxins into the cytoplasm of the host cell (Krantz et al., 2005). The membrane spanning part of these pores can either have ...
... pore-forming toxins) partition spontaneously into the host cell membrane where they fold and/or assemble and form integral membrane protein pores that promote translocation of toxins into the cytoplasm of the host cell (Krantz et al., 2005). The membrane spanning part of these pores can either have ...
Running Head: Superresolution of cortical
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autophagy [25]. This protein is poorly expressed in vitro, but when expressed it can protect bacteria from autophagy in the absence of ActA. Instead of recruiting the actin poly ...
... ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autophagy [25]. This protein is poorly expressed in vitro, but when expressed it can protect bacteria from autophagy in the absence of ActA. Instead of recruiting the actin poly ...
Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... zygotes (Fig. 5b), but was not internalized to membranous organelles in any of the zygotes examined (n > 300). Since FM4-64 enters the cell exclusively by endocytosis and does not diffuse across membranes [2,24], inhibition of uptake by Lat B indicates that actin facilitates endocytosis in fucoid zy ...
... zygotes (Fig. 5b), but was not internalized to membranous organelles in any of the zygotes examined (n > 300). Since FM4-64 enters the cell exclusively by endocytosis and does not diffuse across membranes [2,24], inhibition of uptake by Lat B indicates that actin facilitates endocytosis in fucoid zy ...
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... elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP, as previously observed in proteobacteria [77]. This molecule was found to be involved in biofilm formation and regulation in several bacterial species, i.e., regulation of alginate [78] and the glucose rich matrix polysaccharide Pel [79] biosynthesis ...
... elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP, as previously observed in proteobacteria [77]. This molecule was found to be involved in biofilm formation and regulation in several bacterial species, i.e., regulation of alginate [78] and the glucose rich matrix polysaccharide Pel [79] biosynthesis ...
A single-headed fission yeast myosin V transports actin in a
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... Abstract—Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and specialization, and these connections are considered in many original studies and reviews. In this review we would like to d ...
... Abstract—Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and specialization, and these connections are considered in many original studies and reviews. In this review we would like to d ...
Chapter 2 Significance of sugars in exploration and metamorphosis
... metamorphosing in response to cues associated with them (Pechenik 1990; Pawlik 1992). The identification of the exact nature of these cues remains an active field of study. The life cycle of B. amphitrite includes planktotrophic larval development consisting of six naupliar instars and a non-feeding ...
... metamorphosing in response to cues associated with them (Pechenik 1990; Pawlik 1992). The identification of the exact nature of these cues remains an active field of study. The life cycle of B. amphitrite includes planktotrophic larval development consisting of six naupliar instars and a non-feeding ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaerobic Respiration in Biofilms
... the anaerobic ⌬rhlR biofilm bacteria were dead, consistent with the results described above. In contrast, the majority of the rhlRnirS double mutants, which lack the only enzyme that produces NO (nitrite reductase) in P. aeruginosa, were alive. In addition, other mutants deficient in nitrite reducta ...
... the anaerobic ⌬rhlR biofilm bacteria were dead, consistent with the results described above. In contrast, the majority of the rhlRnirS double mutants, which lack the only enzyme that produces NO (nitrite reductase) in P. aeruginosa, were alive. In addition, other mutants deficient in nitrite reducta ...
-ATPases:
... AHA2, AHA3, and AHA5 group together with N. plumbaginifolia PMA4. Arabidopsis AHA6, AHA8, and AHA9 belong to a cluster with N. plumbaginifolia PMA6. The remaining H+-ATPases form three small branches, each with representatives from both Arabidopsis and N. plumbaginifolia. When the structures of the ...
... AHA2, AHA3, and AHA5 group together with N. plumbaginifolia PMA4. Arabidopsis AHA6, AHA8, and AHA9 belong to a cluster with N. plumbaginifolia PMA6. The remaining H+-ATPases form three small branches, each with representatives from both Arabidopsis and N. plumbaginifolia. When the structures of the ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.