The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram
... a major driver in the origin of archaea, but we feel our scenario better sets the stage for why this was a unique event. Antibiotic warfare on its own is not enough to account for the vast differences between the prokaryotic superkingdoms, but it certainly was important. James Lake and colleagues ha ...
... a major driver in the origin of archaea, but we feel our scenario better sets the stage for why this was a unique event. Antibiotic warfare on its own is not enough to account for the vast differences between the prokaryotic superkingdoms, but it certainly was important. James Lake and colleagues ha ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... friendly way. Not only are the metal ions highly toxic and persistent but also the synthetic fungicides require constant chemical adaptions because P. viticola rapidly evolves resistances. Therefore, breeding of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genom ...
... friendly way. Not only are the metal ions highly toxic and persistent but also the synthetic fungicides require constant chemical adaptions because P. viticola rapidly evolves resistances. Therefore, breeding of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genom ...
Archaea in Symbioses
... cells of the ultrasmall archaeal Richmond mine acidophilic organism (ARMAN). In addition to these unique structures, interaction is frequently brought about by appendages that are also common to Bacteria. Several pilus types involved in recognition of and attachment to surfaces have been detected in ...
... cells of the ultrasmall archaeal Richmond mine acidophilic organism (ARMAN). In addition to these unique structures, interaction is frequently brought about by appendages that are also common to Bacteria. Several pilus types involved in recognition of and attachment to surfaces have been detected in ...
Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... microbes to deliver a noxious cargo to target immune cells (12, 13). Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery ...
... microbes to deliver a noxious cargo to target immune cells (12, 13). Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... is estimated that the human cell contains about 5500 different types of membrane proteins7, while Escherichia coli has about 9008. Because membrane proteins carry out various important functions and because of their location at the interface between the inside and outside of a cell, they are major d ...
... is estimated that the human cell contains about 5500 different types of membrane proteins7, while Escherichia coli has about 9008. Because membrane proteins carry out various important functions and because of their location at the interface between the inside and outside of a cell, they are major d ...
Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and
... a bacterial strain to an antibiotic. First, it is not informative for bacterial strains that are tolerant, rather than resistant. Second, the MIC measured in vitro can vary according to the experimental conditions that are used, which may affect the usefulness of this metric as a predictor of the ef ...
... a bacterial strain to an antibiotic. First, it is not informative for bacterial strains that are tolerant, rather than resistant. Second, the MIC measured in vitro can vary according to the experimental conditions that are used, which may affect the usefulness of this metric as a predictor of the ef ...
Combating MultidrugResistant Bacteria: Current
... bacteria. Some antibacterial agents are only effective against a narrow spectrum of bacteria, for example, the glycopeptides only display activity against Gram-positive organisms, whereas other antibacterials, such as b-lactams, target processes that are common across species and are classified as b ...
... bacteria. Some antibacterial agents are only effective against a narrow spectrum of bacteria, for example, the glycopeptides only display activity against Gram-positive organisms, whereas other antibacterials, such as b-lactams, target processes that are common across species and are classified as b ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
Two Microtubule-Associated Proteins of the
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
Assessing the Flexibility of Intermediate Filaments by Atomic Force
... very distinct assembly properties, supramolecular architectures, dynamic behaviour and mechanical properties. Microtubules and microfilaments are relatively stiff polar structures whose assembly is modulated by the state of hydrolysis of the bound nucleotide. In contrast, intermediate filaments (IFs ...
... very distinct assembly properties, supramolecular architectures, dynamic behaviour and mechanical properties. Microtubules and microfilaments are relatively stiff polar structures whose assembly is modulated by the state of hydrolysis of the bound nucleotide. In contrast, intermediate filaments (IFs ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
PAR Proteins Regulate Microtubule Dynamics at
... p values from Student’s t tests (unpaired, homoscedastic) were obtained by comparing individual microtubule stability between various backgrounds by using the Bonferroni method of multiple comparisons. Because 17 comparisons were made for each method, values were considered significantly different i ...
... p values from Student’s t tests (unpaired, homoscedastic) were obtained by comparing individual microtubule stability between various backgrounds by using the Bonferroni method of multiple comparisons. Because 17 comparisons were made for each method, values were considered significantly different i ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... anchored to the substratum; otherwise, the force of polymerization would drive the filaments rearward instead of the surface forward. A problem for polymerization models to solve is how can a subunit elongate a filament abutting a surface? A solution to this problem is the ‘elastic Brownian ratchet’ ...
... anchored to the substratum; otherwise, the force of polymerization would drive the filaments rearward instead of the surface forward. A problem for polymerization models to solve is how can a subunit elongate a filament abutting a surface? A solution to this problem is the ‘elastic Brownian ratchet’ ...
Mathematical Biology
... spatial and length distribution of the actin filaments. Recent models for actin polymerization and fragmentation dynamics include previous papers by the authors (1998; 1998). However, the treatment of the process as spatially distributed is new to this paper. In this first step, we will restrict att ...
... spatial and length distribution of the actin filaments. Recent models for actin polymerization and fragmentation dynamics include previous papers by the authors (1998; 1998). However, the treatment of the process as spatially distributed is new to this paper. In this first step, we will restrict att ...
Cell Analogy
... This text will then need to be made in to a poster illustrating the kingdom with a castle, a queen, and artisans. The poster will include the title, a cell and the analogies around the cell with picture descriptions as well as the text. What does a quality analogy look like? To get full credit for e ...
... This text will then need to be made in to a poster illustrating the kingdom with a castle, a queen, and artisans. The poster will include the title, a cell and the analogies around the cell with picture descriptions as well as the text. What does a quality analogy look like? To get full credit for e ...
Ranjit Kumar
... untapped resource for novel bioactive compounds. Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish. It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relations ...
... untapped resource for novel bioactive compounds. Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish. It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relations ...
Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
... at room temperature, in the dark, for 3 d (Ray 1966). Gills were then removed from FTM, blotted on filter paper, transferred to a Petri dish with SFSW containing antibiotics (Penicillin G 500 units ml-' and streptomycin 500 mg ml-l) and chopped with a scalpel. After attachment of the zoosporangia to ...
... at room temperature, in the dark, for 3 d (Ray 1966). Gills were then removed from FTM, blotted on filter paper, transferred to a Petri dish with SFSW containing antibiotics (Penicillin G 500 units ml-' and streptomycin 500 mg ml-l) and chopped with a scalpel. After attachment of the zoosporangia to ...
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces The role of nano
... albumin films with the objective of probing the influence of electrostatic heterogeneity on bacterial adhesion. Electrostatic heterogeneity, on the lengthscale of 10–100 nm, was incorporated into the protein film through the irreversible random deposition of small amounts of polycation coils to produce ...
... albumin films with the objective of probing the influence of electrostatic heterogeneity on bacterial adhesion. Electrostatic heterogeneity, on the lengthscale of 10–100 nm, was incorporated into the protein film through the irreversible random deposition of small amounts of polycation coils to produce ...
Platelet Dense Granule Membranes Contain Both
... cells, and the vessel wall. These secreted components contribute to promotion of hemostasis, wound healing, and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, secretion of dense granule contents plays a pivotal role in formation of platelet thrombi. These storage organelles (also called dense ...
... cells, and the vessel wall. These secreted components contribute to promotion of hemostasis, wound healing, and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, secretion of dense granule contents plays a pivotal role in formation of platelet thrombi. These storage organelles (also called dense ...
enterocolitica Yersinia Type III Secretion System of Properties of the
... His6-YscW, a culture of E. coli BL21(DE3) carrying pEW3 that had been grown overnight was diluted 1:20 in LB and grown for 1 h at 37°C. After the addition of IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM, the bacteria were grown for another 2 h at 37°C. Cells were collected by centrifugation, and the cell p ...
... His6-YscW, a culture of E. coli BL21(DE3) carrying pEW3 that had been grown overnight was diluted 1:20 in LB and grown for 1 h at 37°C. After the addition of IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM, the bacteria were grown for another 2 h at 37°C. Cells were collected by centrifugation, and the cell p ...
Masking the Pathogen: Evolutionary Strategies of Fungi and Their
... cell wall [7,8]. Bacterial capsules are made up of long PS chains, which are typically negatively-charged and generate a highly hydrated capsular layer. When examined under the microscope, capsules appear swollen due to an increase in refractive index and this is the basis of the Quellung reaction [ ...
... cell wall [7,8]. Bacterial capsules are made up of long PS chains, which are typically negatively-charged and generate a highly hydrated capsular layer. When examined under the microscope, capsules appear swollen due to an increase in refractive index and this is the basis of the Quellung reaction [ ...
chapter 9 the clinical significance of bacterial
... BUILDING THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL: Cytoplasmic Phase NAG and NAM building-blocks are formed in the cytoplasm of the cell. The enzymes coded for by these genes attach 5 amino acids to each molecule of NAG and ...
... BUILDING THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL: Cytoplasmic Phase NAG and NAM building-blocks are formed in the cytoplasm of the cell. The enzymes coded for by these genes attach 5 amino acids to each molecule of NAG and ...
PDF
... histological sections, we never observed Lgl2 localisation at the basal cortex of the basal epidermal cells, where hemidesmosomes form (Fig. 1H). Instead, Lgl2 was predominantly localised to the lateral domain in the basal epidermal cells (Fig. 1H). The apparent apical staining in the basal epiderma ...
... histological sections, we never observed Lgl2 localisation at the basal cortex of the basal epidermal cells, where hemidesmosomes form (Fig. 1H). Instead, Lgl2 was predominantly localised to the lateral domain in the basal epidermal cells (Fig. 1H). The apparent apical staining in the basal epiderma ...
Potential digestive function of bacteria in krill
Euthausia suerba stomach
... stocks in the Southern Ocean were believed to constitute a protein source of a size that could feed the world. Although this belief is no longer tenable (e.g.Everson & Miller 1994) it did encourage studies on its bacterial flora (Espeche et al. 1979),particularly the role of bacteria in krill spoila ...
Euthausia suerba stomach
... stocks in the Southern Ocean were believed to constitute a protein source of a size that could feed the world. Although this belief is no longer tenable (e.g.Everson & Miller 1994) it did encourage studies on its bacterial flora (Espeche et al. 1979),particularly the role of bacteria in krill spoila ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.