Dynamic balance between vesicle transport and
... retrograde transport, though with a lower affinity (Table 2). In contrast to the original Henrich and Rappaport model we do not allow back fusion of newly budded vesicles to the TGN or GC, but assume that they immediately move towards the GC or CB. Regulatory mechanisms that prevent the back fusion ...
... retrograde transport, though with a lower affinity (Table 2). In contrast to the original Henrich and Rappaport model we do not allow back fusion of newly budded vesicles to the TGN or GC, but assume that they immediately move towards the GC or CB. Regulatory mechanisms that prevent the back fusion ...
Increased Susceptibility of the Sickle Cell Membrane
... Enzymes are also inhibited by reactive oxygen species and the Ca2+-ATPaseof erythrocyte membranes is one of the most sensitive of these enzymes.” The Ca2+-ATPaseis an integral membrane protein with a molecular weight of 140,000 daltons.” The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl alkylating agents” and b ...
... Enzymes are also inhibited by reactive oxygen species and the Ca2+-ATPaseof erythrocyte membranes is one of the most sensitive of these enzymes.” The Ca2+-ATPaseis an integral membrane protein with a molecular weight of 140,000 daltons.” The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl alkylating agents” and b ...
amoeba notes 14
... animals). Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The amoeba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move; some have cilia or flagella, but the amoeba has an unusual way of creeping al ...
... animals). Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The amoeba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move; some have cilia or flagella, but the amoeba has an unusual way of creeping al ...
m o lo
... no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results showed that the bacterial flora was composed of bacilli and coccoids. From the seven isol ...
... no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results showed that the bacterial flora was composed of bacilli and coccoids. From the seven isol ...
The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature
... elasticity is characterized by the elastic moduli, such as the bending moduli of the membrane monolayer, κm, and bilayer, κB, the moduli of the Gaussian curvature of the monolayer and bilayer, κ m and κ B , respectively, the membrane stretching modulus, Г (see Supplementary information S1 (box) and ...
... elasticity is characterized by the elastic moduli, such as the bending moduli of the membrane monolayer, κm, and bilayer, κB, the moduli of the Gaussian curvature of the monolayer and bilayer, κ m and κ B , respectively, the membrane stretching modulus, Г (see Supplementary information S1 (box) and ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... nucleus in wild-type pollen grains. To test whether the abnormal mutant pollen grains produced a generative cell or sperm, we examined them by transmission electron microscopy. In wildtype pollen grains, the vegetative nucleus and sperm (only one revealed in this section) were found in the pollen cy ...
... nucleus in wild-type pollen grains. To test whether the abnormal mutant pollen grains produced a generative cell or sperm, we examined them by transmission electron microscopy. In wildtype pollen grains, the vegetative nucleus and sperm (only one revealed in this section) were found in the pollen cy ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... functionally similar to other bacterial cytoplasmic membranes (Daffé et al., 1989), is surrounded by a cell wall core that is composed of PG covalently attached to arabinogalactan (AG). This, in turn, is esterified to a mycolic acid layer forming the mycolyl arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) com ...
... functionally similar to other bacterial cytoplasmic membranes (Daffé et al., 1989), is surrounded by a cell wall core that is composed of PG covalently attached to arabinogalactan (AG). This, in turn, is esterified to a mycolic acid layer forming the mycolyl arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) com ...
The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
... eubacteria only (Woese et al., 1990). Bacteria and eukaryotes differ fundamentally in the topological relationships between membranes, genomes and ribosomes and in their skeletons. In all bacteria, chromosomal DNA and ribosomes making membrane proteins are attached directly to the cytoplasmic membra ...
Rapid Movement of Microtubules in Axons
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... most eukaryotic microbes. ScVtc4 was identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex (Hothorn et al. 2009), thus explaining the conservation of this subunit in other fungi as well as in protists, which usually have only two of the four subunits present in yeast. Vtc4 also possesses an SPX domain. ...
... most eukaryotic microbes. ScVtc4 was identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex (Hothorn et al. 2009), thus explaining the conservation of this subunit in other fungi as well as in protists, which usually have only two of the four subunits present in yeast. Vtc4 also possesses an SPX domain. ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... most eukaryotic microbes. ScVtc4 was identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex (Hothorn et al. 2009), thus explaining the conservation of this subunit in other fungi as well as in protists, which usually have only two of the four subunits present in yeast. Vtc4 also possesses an SPX domain. ...
... most eukaryotic microbes. ScVtc4 was identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex (Hothorn et al. 2009), thus explaining the conservation of this subunit in other fungi as well as in protists, which usually have only two of the four subunits present in yeast. Vtc4 also possesses an SPX domain. ...
isolation and characterization of the membrane
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes Relationships
... cross-linked peptidoglycan (accounting for between 40 and 90% of the dry weight) and also containing teichoic acids, teichuronic acid, and polysaccharides (6, 14, 192, 229). Because of their rigid cell walls, these bacteria have been named Firmicutes in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (17 ...
... cross-linked peptidoglycan (accounting for between 40 and 90% of the dry weight) and also containing teichoic acids, teichuronic acid, and polysaccharides (6, 14, 192, 229). Because of their rigid cell walls, these bacteria have been named Firmicutes in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (17 ...
Periplasmic folding factors in Gram-negative bacteria
... the translocation of OMPs, periplasmic proteins and lipoproteins and the former being preferred for the insertion of IMPs. IMPs have an N-terminal signal peptide of high hydrophobicity that is recognised by the signal recognition particle (SRP) as the nascent polypeptide chain appears from the ribos ...
... the translocation of OMPs, periplasmic proteins and lipoproteins and the former being preferred for the insertion of IMPs. IMPs have an N-terminal signal peptide of high hydrophobicity that is recognised by the signal recognition particle (SRP) as the nascent polypeptide chain appears from the ribos ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... 900 bases or more. Most of these rRNA and protein moieties envelop the core from the solvent side and are thus accessible for potential interactions with molecular partners, such as translation factors and chaperones. The composition of ribosomes may also vary within bacteria, within eukaryotes, and ...
... 900 bases or more. Most of these rRNA and protein moieties envelop the core from the solvent side and are thus accessible for potential interactions with molecular partners, such as translation factors and chaperones. The composition of ribosomes may also vary within bacteria, within eukaryotes, and ...
The Effects of Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol and
... (Fletcher, 1980~).Sometimes attachment has been shown to be a time-dependent process, in which bacteria were easily washed off the surface during the initial attachment phase, but later became firmly attached and resisted washing (ZoBell, 1943; Marshall et al., 1971). These two stages have been desc ...
... (Fletcher, 1980~).Sometimes attachment has been shown to be a time-dependent process, in which bacteria were easily washed off the surface during the initial attachment phase, but later became firmly attached and resisted washing (ZoBell, 1943; Marshall et al., 1971). These two stages have been desc ...
View Full Text-PDF
... disinfection of water with plants extracts (Sunda et al., 2008). Aqueous extract of Lantana camara, Cymbogon citratus and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have shown a bactericidal effect in aquatic milieu (Sunda et al., 2008). The results obtained by Voss-Rech (2011) indicated that the vegetal extracts teste ...
... disinfection of water with plants extracts (Sunda et al., 2008). Aqueous extract of Lantana camara, Cymbogon citratus and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have shown a bactericidal effect in aquatic milieu (Sunda et al., 2008). The results obtained by Voss-Rech (2011) indicated that the vegetal extracts teste ...
2 common staining technique
... into various groups or types. Both the techniques allow the observation of cell morphology, or shape, but differential staining usually provides more information about the characteristics of the cell wall (Thickness). Gram staining (or Gram’s method) is an emprical method of differentiating bacteria ...
... into various groups or types. Both the techniques allow the observation of cell morphology, or shape, but differential staining usually provides more information about the characteristics of the cell wall (Thickness). Gram staining (or Gram’s method) is an emprical method of differentiating bacteria ...
The N Terminus of Bacterial Elongation Factor Tu
... residue group had little effect (Figure 4, values shown for Met-126 only). The peptide EF-Tu ac-1-26 was termed elf26, referring to the acetylated N-term of elongation factor with the first 26 amino acid residues. To determine the minimal length required for activity, we tested peptides progressivel ...
... residue group had little effect (Figure 4, values shown for Met-126 only). The peptide EF-Tu ac-1-26 was termed elf26, referring to the acetylated N-term of elongation factor with the first 26 amino acid residues. To determine the minimal length required for activity, we tested peptides progressivel ...
Bacteria viability assessment after photocatalytic treatment Yanling Cai Maria Strømme
... assessing bacterial viability and, in particular, bacteria in biofilm form, it is often necessary to use several methods in concert to get reliable results. Currently, methods widely used in bacterial viability analysis include indirect methods based on further culture of bacterial samples or direct ...
... assessing bacterial viability and, in particular, bacteria in biofilm form, it is often necessary to use several methods in concert to get reliable results. Currently, methods widely used in bacterial viability analysis include indirect methods based on further culture of bacterial samples or direct ...
Bactericidal, Bacteriolytic, and Antibacterial Virulence Activities of
... cell wall of S. mutans [11]. This present study revealed that treatment of S. pyogenes cells with B. pandurata extract resulted in cell lysis. A possible mechanism of action may be associated with cell wall and membrane damage. Proteases have long been considered as virulence factors for organisms a ...
... cell wall of S. mutans [11]. This present study revealed that treatment of S. pyogenes cells with B. pandurata extract resulted in cell lysis. A possible mechanism of action may be associated with cell wall and membrane damage. Proteases have long been considered as virulence factors for organisms a ...
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
... 2008; Davies et al., 2011). In contrast, the inner boundary membrane mainly contains protein complexes that are involved in the functional cooperation between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, like the machineries for the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins (Figure 1) ( ...
... 2008; Davies et al., 2011). In contrast, the inner boundary membrane mainly contains protein complexes that are involved in the functional cooperation between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, like the machineries for the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins (Figure 1) ( ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... the other two domains. Indeed, when one considers the limited number of archaeal species for which the N‑linked glycans have been elucidated, it is likely that the diversity reported thus far reflects only the tip of the iceberg 13. It follows that such diversity would reflect processing by an equal ...
... the other two domains. Indeed, when one considers the limited number of archaeal species for which the N‑linked glycans have been elucidated, it is likely that the diversity reported thus far reflects only the tip of the iceberg 13. It follows that such diversity would reflect processing by an equal ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.