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... poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (P (HB-co-HV)) are the common types of PHAs, and other forms also exist. A wide variety of micro-organisms accumulate PHA within cells as an intracellular storage material of carbon and energy (Akar et al., 2006; Dionisi et al., 2006; Reis et al., 2003). ...
... poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (P (HB-co-HV)) are the common types of PHAs, and other forms also exist. A wide variety of micro-organisms accumulate PHA within cells as an intracellular storage material of carbon and energy (Akar et al., 2006; Dionisi et al., 2006; Reis et al., 2003). ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics
... localizes to the inner surface of the cell membrane at division sites, where it forms a ring structure (Z ring) that enables constriction and scission of the parent into two daughter cells. FtsZ is a GTPase, which can hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate to provide a source of energy. However, it is tho ...
... localizes to the inner surface of the cell membrane at division sites, where it forms a ring structure (Z ring) that enables constriction and scission of the parent into two daughter cells. FtsZ is a GTPase, which can hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate to provide a source of energy. However, it is tho ...
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... The ability to form different types of biofilm enables bacteria to survive in a harsh or toxic environment. Different structures of biofilms are related to different surfaces and environment of bacterial growth. The aim of this study was analysis of the biofilm formation of 115 clinical uropathogeni ...
... The ability to form different types of biofilm enables bacteria to survive in a harsh or toxic environment. Different structures of biofilms are related to different surfaces and environment of bacterial growth. The aim of this study was analysis of the biofilm formation of 115 clinical uropathogeni ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... been made concerning the mechanism of biogenesis of these vesicles, research on OMV formation is far from complete. The roles of outer membrane components, bacterial quorum sensing molecules and some specific proteins in OMV biogenesis have been studied. This review discusses the different models th ...
... been made concerning the mechanism of biogenesis of these vesicles, research on OMV formation is far from complete. The roles of outer membrane components, bacterial quorum sensing molecules and some specific proteins in OMV biogenesis have been studied. This review discusses the different models th ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... identified by Rios, Bornens and colleagues, this protein localizes to the Golgi and is involved in Golgi organization (Infante et al., 1999; Rios et al., 2004). Strikingly, overexpression of GMAP-210 in mammalian cells causes the accumulation of large aggregates of small vesicles that are 50 nm in d ...
... identified by Rios, Bornens and colleagues, this protein localizes to the Golgi and is involved in Golgi organization (Infante et al., 1999; Rios et al., 2004). Strikingly, overexpression of GMAP-210 in mammalian cells causes the accumulation of large aggregates of small vesicles that are 50 nm in d ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... trichomes of tor2 are overbranched. This is consistent with the previous notion that microtubules have two functions in trichomes, namely, elongation and branching, whereas actin functions are required for elongation only (Szymanski et al., 1999). Apparently, microtubules support two separate develo ...
... trichomes of tor2 are overbranched. This is consistent with the previous notion that microtubules have two functions in trichomes, namely, elongation and branching, whereas actin functions are required for elongation only (Szymanski et al., 1999). Apparently, microtubules support two separate develo ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... and PKD2) has not yet been fully investigated, although they have been suggested to be involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-bindin ...
... and PKD2) has not yet been fully investigated, although they have been suggested to be involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-bindin ...
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use
... unisi.it; fax 39-0577-232860. Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.005645. ...
... unisi.it; fax 39-0577-232860. Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.005645. ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... in the intracellular membranes . Fourth, most of the material outside this layer can be removed without seriously impairing the viability of a cell, whereas an intact cell membrane is an absolutely essential component of living cells . Since no general compositional or structural principles have so ...
... in the intracellular membranes . Fourth, most of the material outside this layer can be removed without seriously impairing the viability of a cell, whereas an intact cell membrane is an absolutely essential component of living cells . Since no general compositional or structural principles have so ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... a lipid bilayer with a thickness that is much smaller than the dimensions of the vesicle. Therefore, the lipid bilayer can be represented approximately by a two-dimensional mathematical surface in the context of the mechanics of the whole cell. In 1973, Helfrich (1973), proposed a simple expression ...
... a lipid bilayer with a thickness that is much smaller than the dimensions of the vesicle. Therefore, the lipid bilayer can be represented approximately by a two-dimensional mathematical surface in the context of the mechanics of the whole cell. In 1973, Helfrich (1973), proposed a simple expression ...
assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... OMPs insert and fold into lipid bilayers by a highly concerted mechanism, in which secondary and tertiary structure formation is synchronized and coupled to lipid bilayer insertion. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the transport of OMPs through the periplasm and about their assemb ...
... OMPs insert and fold into lipid bilayers by a highly concerted mechanism, in which secondary and tertiary structure formation is synchronized and coupled to lipid bilayer insertion. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the transport of OMPs through the periplasm and about their assemb ...
Micro Bingo
... Micro Bingo • What organism is • Lichen the result of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a cyanobacterium or green algae? ...
... Micro Bingo • What organism is • Lichen the result of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a cyanobacterium or green algae? ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... physical binding and functional assays carried out with high concentrations of protein under conditions in which S100B binds tightly to the 12- and 28-residue a-subunit peptides and to denatured CP [26,28]. Relatively high concentrations of the non-ionic detergent Triton-X100 did allow S100B to bind ...
... physical binding and functional assays carried out with high concentrations of protein under conditions in which S100B binds tightly to the 12- and 28-residue a-subunit peptides and to denatured CP [26,28]. Relatively high concentrations of the non-ionic detergent Triton-X100 did allow S100B to bind ...
Interplay Between Phospholipids and
... regulate the osmotic pressure against the cell wall. This pressure, turgor, is the foundation for the rigidity of well-watered plants. 2.3 The plasma membrane The plasma membrane is the cell’s outer membrane, it controls when and how molecules and signals are transported and propagated into and out ...
... regulate the osmotic pressure against the cell wall. This pressure, turgor, is the foundation for the rigidity of well-watered plants. 2.3 The plasma membrane The plasma membrane is the cell’s outer membrane, it controls when and how molecules and signals are transported and propagated into and out ...
... medium three times, rotating the plate 60 degrees after each application by using sterile cotton swab, to ensure the spread of bacteria on the surface of the plates. One well of 6mm diameter was bored in the medium for each plates with the help of sterile cork-borer and was filled with 50 µl of the ...
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... ventral rows, but on the opposite face of the gill; whatever particles are passed on to them by the lashings of the lateral cilia they wash along the dorsal face of the filament, through a.notch in the tip of the latter (see Fig. 3), and round to the large cilia on the ventral surface (see Fig. 6). ...
... ventral rows, but on the opposite face of the gill; whatever particles are passed on to them by the lashings of the lateral cilia they wash along the dorsal face of the filament, through a.notch in the tip of the latter (see Fig. 3), and round to the large cilia on the ventral surface (see Fig. 6). ...
Dissociation of a ll0-kD Peripheral Membrane Protein from the Golgi
... of membrane-bounded compartmentalization. One potential mechanism by which BFA could act is through the disruption of underlying structural elements of the Golgi apparatus, To explore this possibility further we examined the effect of BFA on several cytoplasmically oriented proteins associated with ...
... of membrane-bounded compartmentalization. One potential mechanism by which BFA could act is through the disruption of underlying structural elements of the Golgi apparatus, To explore this possibility further we examined the effect of BFA on several cytoplasmically oriented proteins associated with ...
Characterization of the Cytosolic Proteins Involved in the Amoeboid
... actin, these cells power their movement through modulation of the major sperm protein (MSP) cytoskeleton. MSP forms dense filament meshworks that pack the sperm lamellipod. Protrusion is associated with the assembly of MSP filaments at the leading edge of the lamellipod, and retraction is connected ...
... actin, these cells power their movement through modulation of the major sperm protein (MSP) cytoskeleton. MSP forms dense filament meshworks that pack the sperm lamellipod. Protrusion is associated with the assembly of MSP filaments at the leading edge of the lamellipod, and retraction is connected ...
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sheath of a Blue
... was represented by numerous tightly packed dense layers with little or no fraying at the edges, and sometimes there were only one or two distinct layers and a much wider zone of the expanded network. The outer zones of adjacent filaments merged imperceptibly; sometimes sloughing of the outer zones w ...
... was represented by numerous tightly packed dense layers with little or no fraying at the edges, and sometimes there were only one or two distinct layers and a much wider zone of the expanded network. The outer zones of adjacent filaments merged imperceptibly; sometimes sloughing of the outer zones w ...
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III
... T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may involve either a signal peptide or, as seen in Yersinia spp. ...
... T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may involve either a signal peptide or, as seen in Yersinia spp. ...
Biofilm formation and the food industry, a focus on the bacterial outer
... can therefore contribute to the spread of resistance genes, which are often also carried on the plasmid (Bower and Daeschel 1999). Luo et al. (2005) have demonstrated that conjugation enhanced the expression of CluA, a surface-bound clumping protein encoded by the chromosomally embedded sex factor, ...
... can therefore contribute to the spread of resistance genes, which are often also carried on the plasmid (Bower and Daeschel 1999). Luo et al. (2005) have demonstrated that conjugation enhanced the expression of CluA, a surface-bound clumping protein encoded by the chromosomally embedded sex factor, ...
a b
... kills bacteria without inducing membrane lysis and has strong affinity with DNA and RNA [14,22]. PR-39 penetrates cells to inhibit the activity of specific molecular material essential to bacterial growth [1]. Among these antimicrobial peptides, short and linear peptides, which are accessible to chemi ...
... kills bacteria without inducing membrane lysis and has strong affinity with DNA and RNA [14,22]. PR-39 penetrates cells to inhibit the activity of specific molecular material essential to bacterial growth [1]. Among these antimicrobial peptides, short and linear peptides, which are accessible to chemi ...
7 - Dynamic Microtubules and the Texture of Plant Cell Walls
... of fishing nets. In the net, microfibrils were woven but their alignment could be changed as the net was pulled this way or that according to the dominant growth axis. By this means, as the previous layer was displaced outward by a new layer of essentially transverse microfibrils applied at the plas ...
... of fishing nets. In the net, microfibrils were woven but their alignment could be changed as the net was pulled this way or that according to the dominant growth axis. By this means, as the previous layer was displaced outward by a new layer of essentially transverse microfibrils applied at the plas ...
Ameba Coloring - Learn District 196
... kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unusual way of creeping alon ...
... kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unusual way of creeping alon ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.