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Extracellular Matrix of the Animal Cell
Extracellular Matrix of the Animal Cell

... • Proteoglycans – Collagen fibers are embedded in a network made from proteoglycans. – Are another class of glycoproteins that consists of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains covalently attached. – Large complexes can form when hundreds of proteoglycans become non-covalently attached ...
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Engineering Cellular Microenvironments
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... cellular tissues. The in vitro reconstitution of well-defined cellular microenvironments using artificial or natural materials is a promising tool to apply high-resolution analytical techniques including long-term single cell tracking. Advantageously, engineered matrices need to be 3D with a defined ...
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Animal Cells
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... Endocrine signaling: hormones act on target cells distant from their site of synthesis. In animals, blood transports hormones from their sites of release to their targets. Paracrine signaling: signaling molecules only affect cells in close proximity  Conduction of electrical impulse from one nerve ...
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Extracellular matrix



In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).
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