The RING Domain of Mdm2 Can Inhibit Cell
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions (Table 5). Very small concentrations of these substances produce major growth changes. Hormones are produced naturally by plants, while plant growth regulators are applied to plants by humans. Plant growth regulators may be synthetic compounds (e.g., IBA a ...
... and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions (Table 5). Very small concentrations of these substances produce major growth changes. Hormones are produced naturally by plants, while plant growth regulators are applied to plants by humans. Plant growth regulators may be synthetic compounds (e.g., IBA a ...
Donohoe, B.S., B. - University of Colorado-MCDB
... To enable efficient cargo trafficking between these two membrane systems, mammalian cells have evolved an intermediate membrane compartment, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), within which Golgi cisterna elements are pre-assembled prior to their transport to the Golgi stacks (33). ER to ...
... To enable efficient cargo trafficking between these two membrane systems, mammalian cells have evolved an intermediate membrane compartment, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), within which Golgi cisterna elements are pre-assembled prior to their transport to the Golgi stacks (33). ER to ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... bilayers [28]. In any case, most annexins contain two to four Type II (“AB”) high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites located in the loop between Helices A and B. In addition, annexins may contain two additional calcium binding sites with lower affinity, named Type III, located at the N-terminus of Helix B ...
... bilayers [28]. In any case, most annexins contain two to four Type II (“AB”) high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites located in the loop between Helices A and B. In addition, annexins may contain two additional calcium binding sites with lower affinity, named Type III, located at the N-terminus of Helix B ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... experiments have clearly shown that these domains bind substrates (reviewed in REF. 24). However, there were also observations and concerns that questioned the substrate–adaptor hypothesis. First, there was no agreement about which domains of the co-activators would bind to substrates11,34–38 , and, ...
... experiments have clearly shown that these domains bind substrates (reviewed in REF. 24). However, there were also observations and concerns that questioned the substrate–adaptor hypothesis. First, there was no agreement about which domains of the co-activators would bind to substrates11,34–38 , and, ...
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from
... solvent using DMF which is without surfactants or chemical modification (Samir et al., 2004). Dong et al. (1996) stated that microcrystalline cellulose made by acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers possessed properties of certain polyelectrolytes because some negative charged sulfate groups were produ ...
... solvent using DMF which is without surfactants or chemical modification (Samir et al., 2004). Dong et al. (1996) stated that microcrystalline cellulose made by acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers possessed properties of certain polyelectrolytes because some negative charged sulfate groups were produ ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... We were able to demonstrate that, in the absence of the phage lytic enzyme, LytA by itself mediates extensive bacterial lysis, accompanied by the release of a large amount of fully functional phages capable of completing their life cycle since phage plaques were clearly detected. The overwhelming ma ...
... We were able to demonstrate that, in the absence of the phage lytic enzyme, LytA by itself mediates extensive bacterial lysis, accompanied by the release of a large amount of fully functional phages capable of completing their life cycle since phage plaques were clearly detected. The overwhelming ma ...
Tissue interactions in the developing chick diencephalon
... explanted from the embryo and kept in a neutral environment, such as serum-free tissue culture. A tissue has become determined if it will differentiate according to its fate even after it has been grafted to an ectopic location in the embryo where other patterning influences may per- ...
... explanted from the embryo and kept in a neutral environment, such as serum-free tissue culture. A tissue has become determined if it will differentiate according to its fate even after it has been grafted to an ectopic location in the embryo where other patterning influences may per- ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin constitute the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin–actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites (MASs) in Drosophila. Here we showed that parvin null mutants in Drosophila exhibit defects in muscle adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mu ...
... Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin constitute the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin–actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites (MASs) in Drosophila. Here we showed that parvin null mutants in Drosophila exhibit defects in muscle adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mu ...
Lipolysis Exposes Unreactive Endogenous Apolipoprotein E-3
... fibroblasts as above. No evidence of lipase action during the incubation was found (data not shown). In the second experiment, '25I-VLDL was incubated with buffer, HDL3, and BSA under conditions identical to the lipolysis mixture except that lipoprotein lipase was absent and the albumin contained ol ...
... fibroblasts as above. No evidence of lipase action during the incubation was found (data not shown). In the second experiment, '25I-VLDL was incubated with buffer, HDL3, and BSA under conditions identical to the lipolysis mixture except that lipoprotein lipase was absent and the albumin contained ol ...
life cycle, cell wall and cell signal transduction
... et al. 1993). MSG is the among the most abundant cell surface proteins in Pneumocystis. MSG is important for pathogenesis as it is involved in adhesion to lung alveolar epithelial cells and evasion of host defenses. The MSG is also the target for host immune defenses as it is a major antigen recogni ...
... et al. 1993). MSG is the among the most abundant cell surface proteins in Pneumocystis. MSG is important for pathogenesis as it is involved in adhesion to lung alveolar epithelial cells and evasion of host defenses. The MSG is also the target for host immune defenses as it is a major antigen recogni ...
Interleukin 12 p40 Production by Barrier Epithelial Cells during
... previous evidence for selective IFN-␥ responsiveness of epithelial ICAM-1 gene expression (10–12), but also unexpectedly localized the site of IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells. As IL-12 is generally produced by antigenpresenting cells (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells) in o ...
... previous evidence for selective IFN-␥ responsiveness of epithelial ICAM-1 gene expression (10–12), but also unexpectedly localized the site of IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells. As IL-12 is generally produced by antigenpresenting cells (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells) in o ...
Host cell interactions of outer membrane vesicle-associated
... OptiPrep density gradient fractionation of O157 OMVs and analyses of the fractions for OmpA (an OMV marker) and the virulence factors by immunoblot demonstrated that the different fractions partially differ by virulence factors cargoes (Fig 1C). Specifically, 5791/99 OMVs in fractions 1 to 3 carry S ...
... OptiPrep density gradient fractionation of O157 OMVs and analyses of the fractions for OmpA (an OMV marker) and the virulence factors by immunoblot demonstrated that the different fractions partially differ by virulence factors cargoes (Fig 1C). Specifically, 5791/99 OMVs in fractions 1 to 3 carry S ...
understanding the role of sumoylation in regulating lkb1 function
... Figure 21. Endogenous and exogenous SENP1 and SENP2 protein levels decrease during metabolic stress ............................................................................................................47 Figure 22. SENP1 regulates the catalytic activity of LKB1 .............................. ...
... Figure 21. Endogenous and exogenous SENP1 and SENP2 protein levels decrease during metabolic stress ............................................................................................................47 Figure 22. SENP1 regulates the catalytic activity of LKB1 .............................. ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... may disguise the bacteria to prevent autophagic recognition, or that ActA itself prevents recruitment of proteins normally involved in autophagy. Indeed, bacteria lacking ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autoph ...
... may disguise the bacteria to prevent autophagic recognition, or that ActA itself prevents recruitment of proteins normally involved in autophagy. Indeed, bacteria lacking ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autoph ...
Control of Pre-mRNA Splicing by the General Splicing Factors
... to the importance of splicing for normal cellular function. The splicing process is made more complex by the fact that many premRNAs can be spliced in more than one way to give mature transcripts coding for proteins with distinct functions. Such alternative splicing greatly expands the coding capaci ...
... to the importance of splicing for normal cellular function. The splicing process is made more complex by the fact that many premRNAs can be spliced in more than one way to give mature transcripts coding for proteins with distinct functions. Such alternative splicing greatly expands the coding capaci ...
Ectopic expression of beta-cytoplasmic actin
... complicated by the toxicity of excess amounts of actin, the presence of more than one type of actin in a given cell, or the frequently disruptive effects of deleting or mutating this essential protein (Hennessey et al., 1992). Recently, substitution of whole actin isoforms has been achieved in yeast ...
... complicated by the toxicity of excess amounts of actin, the presence of more than one type of actin in a given cell, or the frequently disruptive effects of deleting or mutating this essential protein (Hennessey et al., 1992). Recently, substitution of whole actin isoforms has been achieved in yeast ...
Retention in the Golgi apparatus and expression on the cell surface
... protein instability by introducing point mutations into FLAG– Cfr–GPI to replace the basic sites KR and KKR with an alanine residue (FLAG – Cfr – KARA–GPI) (Figure 1A). We expressed the mutant in Ba/F3 cells and monitored its expression. Flow cytometric analysis showed that there was no difference i ...
... protein instability by introducing point mutations into FLAG– Cfr–GPI to replace the basic sites KR and KKR with an alanine residue (FLAG – Cfr – KARA–GPI) (Figure 1A). We expressed the mutant in Ba/F3 cells and monitored its expression. Flow cytometric analysis showed that there was no difference i ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... formation of multiprotein complexes [13] or may contribute to the process of sGC trafficking in the cell [17]. The opposite also occurs, as a recent report described that the sGC α1 subunit alone affects transcriptional activity of p53 in prostate cells [18]. In the present study, we characterize LG ...
... formation of multiprotein complexes [13] or may contribute to the process of sGC trafficking in the cell [17]. The opposite also occurs, as a recent report described that the sGC α1 subunit alone affects transcriptional activity of p53 in prostate cells [18]. In the present study, we characterize LG ...
Utilization and Transport of Mannitol in Olea
... and ketoses, can be either cyclic (cyclitols) or linear (alditols), and are present in all living forms. In some plant species, polyols are direct products of photosynthesis in mature leaves, together with sucrose. Mannitol is the most widely distributed sugar alcohol in nature and has been reported ...
... and ketoses, can be either cyclic (cyclitols) or linear (alditols), and are present in all living forms. In some plant species, polyols are direct products of photosynthesis in mature leaves, together with sucrose. Mannitol is the most widely distributed sugar alcohol in nature and has been reported ...
View - Max-Planck
... (Figure 1). While most structural studies have focused on terrestrial plants, aquatic organisms account for around 50% of global carbon fixation (Field et al., 1998; Behrenfeld et al., 2001), and it is estimated that nearly half of this aquatic production is performed by eukaryotic algae (Jardillier ...
... (Figure 1). While most structural studies have focused on terrestrial plants, aquatic organisms account for around 50% of global carbon fixation (Field et al., 1998; Behrenfeld et al., 2001), and it is estimated that nearly half of this aquatic production is performed by eukaryotic algae (Jardillier ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).