Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release
... Nascent polypeptides are synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through a process called translation. Eukaryotic translation is composed of four main steps: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling [7]. Through this process essentially all necessary peptides and proteins are gener ...
... Nascent polypeptides are synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through a process called translation. Eukaryotic translation is composed of four main steps: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling [7]. Through this process essentially all necessary peptides and proteins are gener ...
Chapter IX - Neurology, Section 4
... environment. In addition the cerebral cortex is concerned with conscious life. It may be divided into two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous system consists of the encephalon or brain, contained within the cranium, and the medulla spinalis or spinal cord, lodged in the vertebral cana ...
... environment. In addition the cerebral cortex is concerned with conscious life. It may be divided into two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous system consists of the encephalon or brain, contained within the cranium, and the medulla spinalis or spinal cord, lodged in the vertebral cana ...
PRH/Hex - Biochemical Journal
... PRH protein based upon studies of the human and avian proteins. In addition we will review the mechanisms that PRH proteins from all species use to regulate gene expression and cell proliferation. Finally we will review the role of PRH in development, with particular focus on the importance of PRH i ...
... PRH protein based upon studies of the human and avian proteins. In addition we will review the mechanisms that PRH proteins from all species use to regulate gene expression and cell proliferation. Finally we will review the role of PRH in development, with particular focus on the importance of PRH i ...
The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes
... transcriptional activation, they are also associated with heterochromatin maintenance. In yeast, H2A.Z is enriched in subtelomeric regions and prevents spreading of telomeric heterochromatin into euchromatic regions (Meneghini et al., 2003). Similarly, in humans, H3.3 is localized to telomeric heter ...
... transcriptional activation, they are also associated with heterochromatin maintenance. In yeast, H2A.Z is enriched in subtelomeric regions and prevents spreading of telomeric heterochromatin into euchromatic regions (Meneghini et al., 2003). Similarly, in humans, H3.3 is localized to telomeric heter ...
The nervous system
... hind-brain undergoes modification to form the medulla oblongata, the pons, and cerebellum, while its cavity is expanded to form the fourth ventricle. The mid-brain forms only a small part of the adult brain; its cavity becomes the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius), which serves as a tubular co ...
... hind-brain undergoes modification to form the medulla oblongata, the pons, and cerebellum, while its cavity is expanded to form the fourth ventricle. The mid-brain forms only a small part of the adult brain; its cavity becomes the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius), which serves as a tubular co ...
PDF
... Embryonic axis formation in vertebrates is initiated by the establishment of the dorsal Nieuwkoop blastula organizer, marked by the nuclear accumulation of maternal b-catenin, a transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt signaling. Known regulators of axis specification include the canonical Wnt path ...
... Embryonic axis formation in vertebrates is initiated by the establishment of the dorsal Nieuwkoop blastula organizer, marked by the nuclear accumulation of maternal b-catenin, a transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt signaling. Known regulators of axis specification include the canonical Wnt path ...
Laalami S., Zig L. and H. Putzer - Institut de Biologie Physico
... RNase Y sites resemble those described for RNase E [60, 61], even though only a few sites have so far been identified ...
... RNase Y sites resemble those described for RNase E [60, 61], even though only a few sites have so far been identified ...
The Dentate Nucleus and Its Projection System in the Human
... The main idea behind this novel approach was that fiber dissection in such a narrow area requires the use of a fine instrument. All techniques were used at the highest possible magnification level. Compared with the Ludwig and Klingler method, in which some fibers of tracts are wasted with the woode ...
... The main idea behind this novel approach was that fiber dissection in such a narrow area requires the use of a fine instrument. All techniques were used at the highest possible magnification level. Compared with the Ludwig and Klingler method, in which some fibers of tracts are wasted with the woode ...
Auxin coordinates cell division and cell fate specification during
... when and where lateral roots are initiated have a high degree of plasticity, integrating both intrinsic and extrinsic levels of control. Environmental factors, such as water, nutrients, and temperature have significant influences on the root architecture (Dubrovsky and Rost, 2003). The most importan ...
... when and where lateral roots are initiated have a high degree of plasticity, integrating both intrinsic and extrinsic levels of control. Environmental factors, such as water, nutrients, and temperature have significant influences on the root architecture (Dubrovsky and Rost, 2003). The most importan ...
Auxin coordinates cell division and cell fate specification during
... when and where lateral roots are initiated have a high degree of plasticity, integrating both intrinsic and extrinsic levels of control. Environmental factors, such as water, nutrients, and temperature have significant influences on the root architecture (Dubrovsky and Rost, 2003). The most importan ...
... when and where lateral roots are initiated have a high degree of plasticity, integrating both intrinsic and extrinsic levels of control. Environmental factors, such as water, nutrients, and temperature have significant influences on the root architecture (Dubrovsky and Rost, 2003). The most importan ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... percent of NCAM molecules containing the MSD region can vary from nearly 0 to 100%. In general, this percentage increases during development. In immunohistochemical studies of hearts from stage 18 embryos, forms of NCAM containing the MSD region colocalized with Z discs. No other adhesion molecules ...
... percent of NCAM molecules containing the MSD region can vary from nearly 0 to 100%. In general, this percentage increases during development. In immunohistochemical studies of hearts from stage 18 embryos, forms of NCAM containing the MSD region colocalized with Z discs. No other adhesion molecules ...
View - Max-Planck
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... activation (Liu et al., 2001). Recently, Pin1 has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer, and to increase expression of cyclin D1 as a result of its ability to bind to c-Jun phosphorylated at the Ser63/73.Pro motifs in its transactivation domain, and thereby stimulate cyclin D1 promoter act ...
... activation (Liu et al., 2001). Recently, Pin1 has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer, and to increase expression of cyclin D1 as a result of its ability to bind to c-Jun phosphorylated at the Ser63/73.Pro motifs in its transactivation domain, and thereby stimulate cyclin D1 promoter act ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... membrane (OMM and IMM respectively). Despite the surprisingly low affinity of the mitochondrial uptake systems (Kd around 10–20 mM) and the submicromolar global [Ca2+]c (which rarely exceed 2–3 mM) evoked by IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) can undergo rapid chan ...
... membrane (OMM and IMM respectively). Despite the surprisingly low affinity of the mitochondrial uptake systems (Kd around 10–20 mM) and the submicromolar global [Ca2+]c (which rarely exceed 2–3 mM) evoked by IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) can undergo rapid chan ...
Alternative splicing of human cyclin E - Journal of Cell Science
... putative product of cyclin Es lacks 49 amino acids within the cyclin box, which includes a region that in cyclin A has been shown to be required for cdc2 and cdk2 binding (Kobayashi et al., 1992; Lees and Harlow, 1993). The two cyclin E mRNA forms are derived from a single gene In order to verify th ...
... putative product of cyclin Es lacks 49 amino acids within the cyclin box, which includes a region that in cyclin A has been shown to be required for cdc2 and cdk2 binding (Kobayashi et al., 1992; Lees and Harlow, 1993). The two cyclin E mRNA forms are derived from a single gene In order to verify th ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... is the identification of dynein-associated proteins contributing to its checkpoint function. One protein shown to physically interact with dynein is the WD40 repeat containing Lis1 protein (Faulkner et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2000; Tai et al., 2002). Mutations in the human Lis1 gene have been ident ...
... is the identification of dynein-associated proteins contributing to its checkpoint function. One protein shown to physically interact with dynein is the WD40 repeat containing Lis1 protein (Faulkner et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2000; Tai et al., 2002). Mutations in the human Lis1 gene have been ident ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... The effect of changes in the critical concentration on the amount of polymerized actin can be greatly amplified by monomer-binding proteins that create a reservoir of actin. Were there no pool of actin bound to monomer-binding proteins, the actin polymerization induced by uncapping all the barbed en ...
... The effect of changes in the critical concentration on the amount of polymerized actin can be greatly amplified by monomer-binding proteins that create a reservoir of actin. Were there no pool of actin bound to monomer-binding proteins, the actin polymerization induced by uncapping all the barbed en ...
presence of allhnase in isolated vacuoles and of alkyl
... alliinase in a similar number of intact protoplasts, suggesting that in the intact cell all the alliinase is localised in the vacuole. The cytoplasmic fraction also contained alliinase, an expected occurrence in view of the contamination of this cellular component by the contents of the burst vacuol ...
... alliinase in a similar number of intact protoplasts, suggesting that in the intact cell all the alliinase is localised in the vacuole. The cytoplasmic fraction also contained alliinase, an expected occurrence in view of the contamination of this cellular component by the contents of the burst vacuol ...
Cbp3–Cbp6 interacts with the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal tunnel
... Cbp3–Cbp6 complex interacts directly with newly synthesized cytochrome b in an assembly intermediate that is not ribosome bound and that contains the assembly factor Cbp4. Our results suggest that synthesis of cytochrome b occurs preferentially on those ribosomes that have the Cbp3–Cbp6 complex boun ...
... Cbp3–Cbp6 complex interacts directly with newly synthesized cytochrome b in an assembly intermediate that is not ribosome bound and that contains the assembly factor Cbp4. Our results suggest that synthesis of cytochrome b occurs preferentially on those ribosomes that have the Cbp3–Cbp6 complex boun ...
Binding properties of YjeQ (RsgA), RbfA, RimM and Era to assembly
... lated that YjeQ, RbfA, RimM and Era bind these immature 30S particles at or near the decoding center to assist in its folding (23,24,26,31). However, the nature of the immature 30S particles that the yjeQ, rimM or rbfA knockout strains accumulate and whether they represent true onpathway assembly ...
... lated that YjeQ, RbfA, RimM and Era bind these immature 30S particles at or near the decoding center to assist in its folding (23,24,26,31). However, the nature of the immature 30S particles that the yjeQ, rimM or rbfA knockout strains accumulate and whether they represent true onpathway assembly ...
Cell cycle checkpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans
... IR: Ionizing Radiation NEBD: Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ssDNA: single stranded DNA UV: Ultra Violet light ...
... IR: Ionizing Radiation NEBD: Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ssDNA: single stranded DNA UV: Ultra Violet light ...
PKC modulates NF-B and AP-1 via mitogen
... The expression of the PKC⑀ transgene in cardiac cells (and thus the activity of this enzyme) is also dependent on the time interval after transfection. In pilot experiments, cardiac cells were collected 8, 12, 16, 18, and 24 h after receiving 10 pfu/cell of FL-PKC⑀. We found that 18 h was the optima ...
... The expression of the PKC⑀ transgene in cardiac cells (and thus the activity of this enzyme) is also dependent on the time interval after transfection. In pilot experiments, cardiac cells were collected 8, 12, 16, 18, and 24 h after receiving 10 pfu/cell of FL-PKC⑀. We found that 18 h was the optima ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.