Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... transporters. Mitochondria import the vast majority of proteins from the cytoplasm. While most of these proteins use aminoterminal-targeting signals (presequences) for transport, which direct the proteins across the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria, many multispanning inner membrane pro ...
... transporters. Mitochondria import the vast majority of proteins from the cytoplasm. While most of these proteins use aminoterminal-targeting signals (presequences) for transport, which direct the proteins across the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria, many multispanning inner membrane pro ...
Surge and destroy: the role of auxin in plant embryogenesis
... carriers and auxin efflux carriers. The auxin expelled from one cell is taken up by the next cell in line, which expels it from its opposite end, and so forth. Extracellular auxin is thought to be transported across the membrane and into the cell by the AUX1 protein, a member of the auxin amino acid ...
... carriers and auxin efflux carriers. The auxin expelled from one cell is taken up by the next cell in line, which expels it from its opposite end, and so forth. Extracellular auxin is thought to be transported across the membrane and into the cell by the AUX1 protein, a member of the auxin amino acid ...
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... structural organization of the secretory membrane systems of plants and, second, to explain the implications of this new information in terms of functional organization of these membrane compartments. Research on the Golgi apparatus has a long history of being controversial (see Farquhar and Palade ...
... structural organization of the secretory membrane systems of plants and, second, to explain the implications of this new information in terms of functional organization of these membrane compartments. Research on the Golgi apparatus has a long history of being controversial (see Farquhar and Palade ...
Molecular Interaction between COP1 and HY5
... Function as a Regulatory Module The clear separation of the COP1-interactive domain from the putative DNA-binding and dimerization domain for HY5 (Figure 1B) raised the possibility that HY5 consists of two distinct functional modules: the bZIP domain that presumably interacts with target gene promot ...
... Function as a Regulatory Module The clear separation of the COP1-interactive domain from the putative DNA-binding and dimerization domain for HY5 (Figure 1B) raised the possibility that HY5 consists of two distinct functional modules: the bZIP domain that presumably interacts with target gene promot ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... yeast DNA purification kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI) with modifications for A. fumigatus as described by Jin et al. (22). Southern hybridization analysis was performed as described previously (20). Briefly, 10 g of fungal genomic DNA was digested with XhoI (p⌬cspA-phl and p⌬cspA-hyg ...
... yeast DNA purification kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI) with modifications for A. fumigatus as described by Jin et al. (22). Southern hybridization analysis was performed as described previously (20). Briefly, 10 g of fungal genomic DNA was digested with XhoI (p⌬cspA-phl and p⌬cspA-hyg ...
Three distinct ribosome assemblies modulated by translation are the
... shapes are nonstochastic, i.e., whether recurrent ribosomal organizations indicate that specific assemblies are embedded within polysomes; (b) whether the transcripts are completely and homogeneously covered by ribosomes; and (c) whether nonstochastic clusters reflect the translational state of the ...
... shapes are nonstochastic, i.e., whether recurrent ribosomal organizations indicate that specific assemblies are embedded within polysomes; (b) whether the transcripts are completely and homogeneously covered by ribosomes; and (c) whether nonstochastic clusters reflect the translational state of the ...
The role of yolk syncytial layer and blastoderm movements during
... approaches make zebrafish a perfect model system for developmental cell biology. ...
... approaches make zebrafish a perfect model system for developmental cell biology. ...
Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in
... patterns are discussed, including differences in life histories, life strategies and non-growth activities. Ways in which rRNA data can be used for useful characterization of microbial assemblages are presented, along with questions to be addressed in future studies. The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 2061– ...
... patterns are discussed, including differences in life histories, life strategies and non-growth activities. Ways in which rRNA data can be used for useful characterization of microbial assemblages are presented, along with questions to be addressed in future studies. The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 2061– ...
PDF - The Journal of Immunology
... the external environment after release by secretory cells and other granulated epithelia (8). Certain antimicrobial peptides have diverse functions beyond microbicidal activity, such as promotion of wound healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobial ...
... the external environment after release by secretory cells and other granulated epithelia (8). Certain antimicrobial peptides have diverse functions beyond microbicidal activity, such as promotion of wound healing (9) and chemotaxis of dendritic and memory T cells (10). Although peptide antimicrobial ...
Neuroanatomy (Duane E. Haines)
... full-page figure. Fourth, illustrations of blood supply have been included and integrated into their appropriate chapters. When gross anatomy of the brain is shown, the patterns of blood vessels and relationships of sinuses appear on facing pages. The distribution pattern of blood vessels to internal ...
... full-page figure. Fourth, illustrations of blood supply have been included and integrated into their appropriate chapters. When gross anatomy of the brain is shown, the patterns of blood vessels and relationships of sinuses appear on facing pages. The distribution pattern of blood vessels to internal ...
CONTENTS
... palms facing anteriorly, feet together and facing forward. 2. The sternal angle is the angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis). This is also called the manubriosternal joint or Angle of Louis. The sternal an ...
... palms facing anteriorly, feet together and facing forward. 2. The sternal angle is the angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis). This is also called the manubriosternal joint or Angle of Louis. The sternal an ...
Life and death of transcriptional co
... proteasome system in response to toxic proteins.65 The formation of aggresome is a cellular protective mechanism to sequester Increasing evidence has provided functional implications of cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigen ...
... proteasome system in response to toxic proteins.65 The formation of aggresome is a cellular protective mechanism to sequester Increasing evidence has provided functional implications of cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigen ...
Interactions of Elongation Factor 1 Cell Protrusions with F-Actin and
... actin to maintain actin filament polymerization over a period of time longer than the duration of the initial protrusion. As a result, the cells would have a slower rate of migration. Alternatively, the site of actin synthesis (and of other functionally related proteins) may affect the location of n ...
... actin to maintain actin filament polymerization over a period of time longer than the duration of the initial protrusion. As a result, the cells would have a slower rate of migration. Alternatively, the site of actin synthesis (and of other functionally related proteins) may affect the location of n ...
p23 and organization of the Golgi apparatus
... Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions are weak and/or transient, and cannot be revealed by classical biochemical approaches. Alternatively, it is possible that p2 ...
... Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions are weak and/or transient, and cannot be revealed by classical biochemical approaches. Alternatively, it is possible that p2 ...
TATA BINDING PROTEIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ... TRANSCRIPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE B-TFIID ACTIVITY
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
Identification of a Nuclear Export Signal in the Catalytic Subunit of
... (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). ...
... (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cells the barbed ends of the filaments are the predominant assembly place, whereas in muscle cells actin dynamics was reported to predominate at the pointed ends of thin filaments. The actin- ...
... by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cells the barbed ends of the filaments are the predominant assembly place, whereas in muscle cells actin dynamics was reported to predominate at the pointed ends of thin filaments. The actin- ...
Maternal mRNAs are regulated by diverse P body
... transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip and anterior cells of the embryo, whereas mRNA for the li ...
... transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip and anterior cells of the embryo, whereas mRNA for the li ...
Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.