Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... Docampo 2000; figure 1a). They typically are spherical with an average diameter of 0.2 – 0.5 mm although polymorphic morphologies occur in some cells (Docampo et al. 2005). Their position in the cells is random. By transmission electron microscopy the organelle appears empty or with an inclusion of ...
... Docampo 2000; figure 1a). They typically are spherical with an average diameter of 0.2 – 0.5 mm although polymorphic morphologies occur in some cells (Docampo et al. 2005). Their position in the cells is random. By transmission electron microscopy the organelle appears empty or with an inclusion of ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Amyloplasts Are in the Transvacuolar Strand, Both before and after Gravistimulation by Reorientation It has been revealed using electron microscopy that the amyloplasts in the endodermal cells are surrounded almost completely by a thin layer of cytoplasm and the vacuolar membrane (Morita et al., 200 ...
... Amyloplasts Are in the Transvacuolar Strand, Both before and after Gravistimulation by Reorientation It has been revealed using electron microscopy that the amyloplasts in the endodermal cells are surrounded almost completely by a thin layer of cytoplasm and the vacuolar membrane (Morita et al., 200 ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... Gradients were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 3 hours and fractionated from the top into 0.4 ml fractions (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995). Fractions were immunoprecipitated (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995) with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-poly ...
... Gradients were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 3 hours and fractionated from the top into 0.4 ml fractions (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995). Fractions were immunoprecipitated (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995) with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-poly ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... Gradients were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 3 hours and fractionated from the top into 0.4 ml fractions (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995). Fractions were immunoprecipitated (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995) with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-poly ...
... Gradients were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 3 hours and fractionated from the top into 0.4 ml fractions (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995). Fractions were immunoprecipitated (Sulli and Schwartzbach, 1995) with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-poly ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
Elevated Level of Nuclear Protein Kinase C in
... specific for the o, ß,and 7 isotypes of PKC prepared as described in "Materials and Methods." In intact MCF-7 cells, multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells showed a markedly en hanced immunoreactivity to PKC compared to that of drugsensitive MCF-7/WT cells (Fig. 1). The most pronounced difference was ...
... specific for the o, ß,and 7 isotypes of PKC prepared as described in "Materials and Methods." In intact MCF-7 cells, multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells showed a markedly en hanced immunoreactivity to PKC compared to that of drugsensitive MCF-7/WT cells (Fig. 1). The most pronounced difference was ...
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... recruit pericentriolar material (PCM) from maternal stores and thus assemble centrosomes that nucleate microtubules. After an initial phase during which centrosome maturation is suppressed (McNally et al., 2012), the earliest sign of symmetry-breaking is the local cessation of surface contractions w ...
... recruit pericentriolar material (PCM) from maternal stores and thus assemble centrosomes that nucleate microtubules. After an initial phase during which centrosome maturation is suppressed (McNally et al., 2012), the earliest sign of symmetry-breaking is the local cessation of surface contractions w ...
Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally
... regulated fashion. Other key players, including an expansive superfamily of small GTPases (e.g. Rab, Arf and Arl proteins), emerged early to control membrane transport events [1]. Together, this ensemble of proteins is postulated to have central roles in the origin of eukaryotic endomembranes, the n ...
... regulated fashion. Other key players, including an expansive superfamily of small GTPases (e.g. Rab, Arf and Arl proteins), emerged early to control membrane transport events [1]. Together, this ensemble of proteins is postulated to have central roles in the origin of eukaryotic endomembranes, the n ...
Control of Pre-mRNA Splicing by the General Splicing Factors
... play fundamental roles in tissue-specific or developmentally regulated splicing events, which often result from the use of apparently weak splice sites. In addition, studying the splicing of introns with weak splice sites may facilitate the identification of ...
... play fundamental roles in tissue-specific or developmentally regulated splicing events, which often result from the use of apparently weak splice sites. In addition, studying the splicing of introns with weak splice sites may facilitate the identification of ...
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... plasm formation (Ephrussi and Lehmann, 1992), the localisation of GFP-SmB was first investigated in osk oocytes. GFP-SmB was found to be absent from the posterior pole in oocytes of osk stage 10 egg chambers (Fig. 3A). The osk gene encodes two protein isoforms that are differentially distributed in ...
... plasm formation (Ephrussi and Lehmann, 1992), the localisation of GFP-SmB was first investigated in osk oocytes. GFP-SmB was found to be absent from the posterior pole in oocytes of osk stage 10 egg chambers (Fig. 3A). The osk gene encodes two protein isoforms that are differentially distributed in ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
Article - Andrej Sali
... The Native Ribosome-Channel Complex In this study, electron cryomicroscopy and single-particle image processing were used to obtain an improved, three-dimensional (3D) map of the canine ribosome-channel complex (RCC) (Ménétret et al., 2005; Ludtke et al., 1999; see the Supplemental Data available ...
... The Native Ribosome-Channel Complex In this study, electron cryomicroscopy and single-particle image processing were used to obtain an improved, three-dimensional (3D) map of the canine ribosome-channel complex (RCC) (Ménétret et al., 2005; Ludtke et al., 1999; see the Supplemental Data available ...
Homologous pairing and the role of pairing centers in meiosis
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... by wild-type espins and the nuclear actin bundle (NAB) by jerker (je) espins. (A) Representatives of the four major espinisoform size classes. ABM, actin-bundling module; AR, ankyrin-like repeat; je, jerker peptide (red and white diagonal stripe; sequence shown in F), the frameshifted peptide that r ...
... by wild-type espins and the nuclear actin bundle (NAB) by jerker (je) espins. (A) Representatives of the four major espinisoform size classes. ABM, actin-bundling module; AR, ankyrin-like repeat; je, jerker peptide (red and white diagonal stripe; sequence shown in F), the frameshifted peptide that r ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... several post-transcriptional mechanisms. For example, stressinduced mRNA decay is accelerated in specialized compartments termed P-bodies. In P-bodies, mRNAs are subjected to decapping and deadenylation by Dcp1p–Dcp2p and Ccr4p, respectively (reviewed by Eulalio et al., 2007; Parker and Sheth, 2007) ...
... several post-transcriptional mechanisms. For example, stressinduced mRNA decay is accelerated in specialized compartments termed P-bodies. In P-bodies, mRNAs are subjected to decapping and deadenylation by Dcp1p–Dcp2p and Ccr4p, respectively (reviewed by Eulalio et al., 2007; Parker and Sheth, 2007) ...
Physiological assembly and activity of human
... products between whole cell extracts from similar cells are more reliable than cross-comparison across different cell extracts or comparison of crude extract with partially purified enzyme fractions (Keith et al., 2007). In contrast with extracts from cancer cells, extracts from most normal human so ...
... products between whole cell extracts from similar cells are more reliable than cross-comparison across different cell extracts or comparison of crude extract with partially purified enzyme fractions (Keith et al., 2007). In contrast with extracts from cancer cells, extracts from most normal human so ...
Coordination of Genomic RNA Packaging with Viral Assembly in HIV-1
... 3. RNA Structural Switches Affecting Translation and Packaging Packaging of the HIV-1 genome is a highly specific process. The major structural protein Gag packages dimers of full-length viral RNA with much greater specificity than spliced viral and cellular RNA species, due to the presence of highl ...
... 3. RNA Structural Switches Affecting Translation and Packaging Packaging of the HIV-1 genome is a highly specific process. The major structural protein Gag packages dimers of full-length viral RNA with much greater specificity than spliced viral and cellular RNA species, due to the presence of highl ...
The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram
... sequence signature in their ribosomal RNA [1]. This remains one of the strongest signals found anywhere in the phylogenetic tree. It was truly a revolution in thought when the world realized there were two distinct types of prokaryotes. Besides placement on sequence trees, there are three major area ...
... sequence signature in their ribosomal RNA [1]. This remains one of the strongest signals found anywhere in the phylogenetic tree. It was truly a revolution in thought when the world realized there were two distinct types of prokaryotes. Besides placement on sequence trees, there are three major area ...
Ribosome Subunit Stapling for Orthogonal Translation in E.coli
... Figure 4. Investigating the orthogonality of the small and large subunit portions of O-ribo(h44H101) with respect to endogenous ribosome subunits in translation. A) Growth curves of E. coli bearing an O-cat reporter and O-ribo(h44H101), with or without mutations that inactivate the large subunit por ...
... Figure 4. Investigating the orthogonality of the small and large subunit portions of O-ribo(h44H101) with respect to endogenous ribosome subunits in translation. A) Growth curves of E. coli bearing an O-cat reporter and O-ribo(h44H101), with or without mutations that inactivate the large subunit por ...
The Foamy Virus Gag Proteins: What Makes Them Different?
... The PFV GR boxes have long been implicated in RNA encapsidation and Pol packaging. In an early study, all three GR boxes were found to bind nucleic acids in vitro and the FV Gag C terminus was implicated in RNA binding [39]. The structure of FV Gag is therefore similar to that of the core protein of ...
... The PFV GR boxes have long been implicated in RNA encapsidation and Pol packaging. In an early study, all three GR boxes were found to bind nucleic acids in vitro and the FV Gag C terminus was implicated in RNA binding [39]. The structure of FV Gag is therefore similar to that of the core protein of ...
Role of Template Activating Factor-I as a
... separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NCPs complexes was examined by nucleoprotein gel analyses. The 196 bp 5S rRNA gene fragments or NCPs (0.4 pmol of DNA) assembled on the same DNA with ...
... separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NCPs complexes was examined by nucleoprotein gel analyses. The 196 bp 5S rRNA gene fragments or NCPs (0.4 pmol of DNA) assembled on the same DNA with ...
- Department of Biosystems Science and
... beyond pausing. Given that Hsp90 plays a critical role in building the RNA pol II complex in cytosol [36], the chaperone may structurally assist paused or elongating pol II complex. Additionally, Hsp90 may actively couple pol II with the splicing machinery. An exciting avenue for research is the reg ...
... beyond pausing. Given that Hsp90 plays a critical role in building the RNA pol II complex in cytosol [36], the chaperone may structurally assist paused or elongating pol II complex. Additionally, Hsp90 may actively couple pol II with the splicing machinery. An exciting avenue for research is the reg ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.