Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... strongest interactions (Figure S1C), and identified 37 GFP-tagged proteins that consistently produce a strong SPI phenotype with Mad2-GBP (Figure 1C, dashed box). A schematic of these Mad2 SPIs is shown in Figure 1E. SPIs are enriched for proteins at the nuclear periphery Many of the Mad2 SPIs intera ...
... strongest interactions (Figure S1C), and identified 37 GFP-tagged proteins that consistently produce a strong SPI phenotype with Mad2-GBP (Figure 1C, dashed box). A schematic of these Mad2 SPIs is shown in Figure 1E. SPIs are enriched for proteins at the nuclear periphery Many of the Mad2 SPIs intera ...
Sheet 12
... We have said that the cerebellum works in 2 loops: 1- The feedback loop : mainly enfaced & reflexes( quick circuit) When I hold the transmitter in proper way in order to do this movement, I should know the pressure that is need to hold it. In this condition I have intention to hold it in this amount ...
... We have said that the cerebellum works in 2 loops: 1- The feedback loop : mainly enfaced & reflexes( quick circuit) When I hold the transmitter in proper way in order to do this movement, I should know the pressure that is need to hold it. In this condition I have intention to hold it in this amount ...
The distribution of vestibular efferent neurons receiving innervation
... Objectives/Hypothesis: To explore the innervation areas of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) afferent neurons onto vestibular efferent neurons in the brain stem of rats. Study Design: A morphology study in the central vestibular system. Methods: Two neuronal tracers were used. Lectin PHA-L Conjuga ...
... Objectives/Hypothesis: To explore the innervation areas of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) afferent neurons onto vestibular efferent neurons in the brain stem of rats. Study Design: A morphology study in the central vestibular system. Methods: Two neuronal tracers were used. Lectin PHA-L Conjuga ...
The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain Preface and
... The University of Iowa, College of Medicine This electronic publication is intended to serve students of all the health and biological sciences who are seeking to understand the organization and functions of the human nervous system. The unique feature of this book is its collection of brain and spi ...
... The University of Iowa, College of Medicine This electronic publication is intended to serve students of all the health and biological sciences who are seeking to understand the organization and functions of the human nervous system. The unique feature of this book is its collection of brain and spi ...
Molecular Genetics of the RNA Polymerase II General
... metazoan systems whenever appropriate. A breakthrough in understanding the mechanism of transcription initiation followed the discovery in the laboratory of Roeder that purified RNA pol II would selectively and accurately initiate transcription from template DNA when supplemented with a crude cell e ...
... metazoan systems whenever appropriate. A breakthrough in understanding the mechanism of transcription initiation followed the discovery in the laboratory of Roeder that purified RNA pol II would selectively and accurately initiate transcription from template DNA when supplemented with a crude cell e ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... membranes are closely apposed but the membranes do not fuse and thus the organelles each maintain their identities. The contact sites between the ER and mitochondria have been measured to be 10–30 nm wide3,4. This distance is close enough to suggest that the two organelles are tethered together by p ...
... membranes are closely apposed but the membranes do not fuse and thus the organelles each maintain their identities. The contact sites between the ER and mitochondria have been measured to be 10–30 nm wide3,4. This distance is close enough to suggest that the two organelles are tethered together by p ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
DNA Replication in Tetrahymena
... segregate randomly and thus appear to lack centromeres. The macronucleus divides by a poorly understood amitotic mechanism, and DNA is often distributed unequally between daughter macronuclei (Doerder 1979). To explain how cells compensate for inequalities that arise from such divisions, it was prop ...
... segregate randomly and thus appear to lack centromeres. The macronucleus divides by a poorly understood amitotic mechanism, and DNA is often distributed unequally between daughter macronuclei (Doerder 1979). To explain how cells compensate for inequalities that arise from such divisions, it was prop ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... that is rapidly cleaved, leading to cell burst. Therefore, the holin function has the crucial role of defining the time of lysis, which is fundamental for phage fitness. Confinement of endolysins in the host cell cytoplasm during phage replication was long considered a paramount and transversal feat ...
... that is rapidly cleaved, leading to cell burst. Therefore, the holin function has the crucial role of defining the time of lysis, which is fundamental for phage fitness. Confinement of endolysins in the host cell cytoplasm during phage replication was long considered a paramount and transversal feat ...
Practice Test Answer Key
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
The ribosome — a macromolecular machine par excellence
... As in the case of EF-G, the action of EF-Tu requires energy released by GTP hydrolysis. Much of this information has been known for years (see [5]), but the way the various components of the protein synthetic machinery interact in three dimensions remained a mystery until the advent of cryo-electron ...
... As in the case of EF-G, the action of EF-Tu requires energy released by GTP hydrolysis. Much of this information has been known for years (see [5]), but the way the various components of the protein synthetic machinery interact in three dimensions remained a mystery until the advent of cryo-electron ...
Levels of Ycg1 Limit Condensin Function during the Cell Cycle
... One important factor involved in controlling interphase and mitotic chromosome conformations is the condensin complex [4]. Condensin is a conserved eukaryotic complex that is comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-re ...
... One important factor involved in controlling interphase and mitotic chromosome conformations is the condensin complex [4]. Condensin is a conserved eukaryotic complex that is comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-re ...
Building and Breaking Bridges between Sister Chromatids
... been found to function in DNA damage repair and associates with the Nse1 protein. Prokaryotic SMC proteins form homodimers. In B. subtilis, SMCs bind ScpA and ScpB proteins. Question marks indicate where exact complex architectures have not yet been determines. (B) Summary of eukaryotic SMC complexe ...
... been found to function in DNA damage repair and associates with the Nse1 protein. Prokaryotic SMC proteins form homodimers. In B. subtilis, SMCs bind ScpA and ScpB proteins. Question marks indicate where exact complex architectures have not yet been determines. (B) Summary of eukaryotic SMC complexe ...
Enhancement of Nuclear Factor- B Acetylation by Coactivator p300
... with other coactivators such as the p300/CBP associated factor (21–23). Both CBP/p300 proteins are transcriptional integrators (23) and contain an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. CBP/p300 was also recently reported to interact with the HIV-1 Tat protein and serve as a coactivator ...
... with other coactivators such as the p300/CBP associated factor (21–23). Both CBP/p300 proteins are transcriptional integrators (23) and contain an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. CBP/p300 was also recently reported to interact with the HIV-1 Tat protein and serve as a coactivator ...
Nuclear export signal located within the DNAbinding domain of the
... an SH2 domain and can form dimers with other STAT molecules via intermolecular SH2±phosphotyrosine interactions (Shuai et al., 1993, 1994). The dimers are transported into the nucleus where they bind a DNA target leading to the transcriptional activation of responsive genes. In general, the nuclear± ...
... an SH2 domain and can form dimers with other STAT molecules via intermolecular SH2±phosphotyrosine interactions (Shuai et al., 1993, 1994). The dimers are transported into the nucleus where they bind a DNA target leading to the transcriptional activation of responsive genes. In general, the nuclear± ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... cross-contamination indicated that these trace amounts of PE are likely reflecting a contamination by extraplastidial membranes such as plant mitochondria or peroxisomes (that contain only phospholipids: mostly PC and PE). Therefore, determination of the glycerolipid composition of isolated plant me ...
... cross-contamination indicated that these trace amounts of PE are likely reflecting a contamination by extraplastidial membranes such as plant mitochondria or peroxisomes (that contain only phospholipids: mostly PC and PE). Therefore, determination of the glycerolipid composition of isolated plant me ...
Improper chromosome synapsis is associated with
... The relationship between recombination and homologous synapsis is unclear since some organisms require SPO11 for synapsis, and others do not. For example, in mice, it has been demonstrated that SPO11-induced double-stranded breaks (monitored by a unique histone phosphorylation) and the subsequent re ...
... The relationship between recombination and homologous synapsis is unclear since some organisms require SPO11 for synapsis, and others do not. For example, in mice, it has been demonstrated that SPO11-induced double-stranded breaks (monitored by a unique histone phosphorylation) and the subsequent re ...
Natalia Gromak, Alexis Rideau,
... alternative splicing, can be achieved by activation or inhibition (Smith and ValcaÂrcel, 2000; Caceres and Kornblihtt, 2002). Spliceosome assembly can be assisted by additional interactions of `SR' splicing factors with splicing enhancer sequences, which are commonly found within exons (Blencowe, 20 ...
... alternative splicing, can be achieved by activation or inhibition (Smith and ValcaÂrcel, 2000; Caceres and Kornblihtt, 2002). Spliceosome assembly can be assisted by additional interactions of `SR' splicing factors with splicing enhancer sequences, which are commonly found within exons (Blencowe, 20 ...
A leucine aminopeptidase is involved in kinetoplast DNA
... a single network composed of mutually catenated circular molecules of two categories–maxicircles and minicircles—that are extended and densely packaged into a highly organized discoid structure [1]. The kDNA network is located in the mt lumen adjacent to the basal body of the single flagellum, to wh ...
... a single network composed of mutually catenated circular molecules of two categories–maxicircles and minicircles—that are extended and densely packaged into a highly organized discoid structure [1]. The kDNA network is located in the mt lumen adjacent to the basal body of the single flagellum, to wh ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... several target phosphoresidues, but cdk9 kinase activity involves only serine residues (De Luca et al., 1997). During preliminary studies of cdk9/cyclin T complexes, we performed immunoprecipitations (Ips) with anity puri®ed anti-cdk9 antibody from nuclear extracts of S35-labeled NIH3T3 cells. By c ...
... several target phosphoresidues, but cdk9 kinase activity involves only serine residues (De Luca et al., 1997). During preliminary studies of cdk9/cyclin T complexes, we performed immunoprecipitations (Ips) with anity puri®ed anti-cdk9 antibody from nuclear extracts of S35-labeled NIH3T3 cells. By c ...
Linköping University Post Print
... lysosomes are filled with more than 50 acid hydrolases, including phosphatases, nucleases, glycosidases, proteases, peptidases, sulphatases, and lipases [2]. Of the lysosomal hydrolases, the cathepsin family of proteases is the best characterized. The cathepsins are subdivided, according to their ac ...
... lysosomes are filled with more than 50 acid hydrolases, including phosphatases, nucleases, glycosidases, proteases, peptidases, sulphatases, and lipases [2]. Of the lysosomal hydrolases, the cathepsin family of proteases is the best characterized. The cathepsins are subdivided, according to their ac ...
nucleus ............. nucleus
... a t the midline where it disappears. The deep layer runs dorsomedially from the sulcus limitans to the midline and, at the midline, turns dorsally so that, with its fellow of the opposite side, it separates the vagal lobes (fig. 14 a). a. T h e w d e u s of the inferior commissure of Huller (fig. 14 ...
... a t the midline where it disappears. The deep layer runs dorsomedially from the sulcus limitans to the midline and, at the midline, turns dorsally so that, with its fellow of the opposite side, it separates the vagal lobes (fig. 14 a). a. T h e w d e u s of the inferior commissure of Huller (fig. 14 ...
Vestibular Pathways
... of the spinal cord to terminate in the medial part of the ventral horn (vestibular influence on posture and equilibrium). ...
... of the spinal cord to terminate in the medial part of the ventral horn (vestibular influence on posture and equilibrium). ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.