Caroline Jeya Sheeba Daniel Sunder Singh
... expression. The AER/FGFs were only able to execute their inductive role on hairy2 expression when the tissue is in a ZPA/SHH-created permissive state defined as Gli3-A/Gli3-R≥1. In accordance with the ZPA/SHH reliant posteriot-anterior Gli3-A/Gli3-R ratio gradient, hairy2 is persistently expression ...
... expression. The AER/FGFs were only able to execute their inductive role on hairy2 expression when the tissue is in a ZPA/SHH-created permissive state defined as Gli3-A/Gli3-R≥1. In accordance with the ZPA/SHH reliant posteriot-anterior Gli3-A/Gli3-R ratio gradient, hairy2 is persistently expression ...
Calcium and Plant Development - Labs
... known what proteins these Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases phosphorylate. The Kms of these enzymes with respect to Ca2+ are all in the micromolar and submicromolar ranges expected for cytosolic Ca2+ regulation (89, 1 74, 1 99). There are at least three different classes of protein kinases found in pl ...
... known what proteins these Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases phosphorylate. The Kms of these enzymes with respect to Ca2+ are all in the micromolar and submicromolar ranges expected for cytosolic Ca2+ regulation (89, 1 74, 1 99). There are at least three different classes of protein kinases found in pl ...
Seifert et al Fgf8 Dev2009
... Fgf8 is activated in the cloacal endoderm that makes contact with the ectoderm, and it is therefore possible that Fgf8 expression is a response to an inductive signal from the adjacent ectoderm. As the embryonic cloaca becomes subdivided into the urogenital sinus (ultimately giving rise to the ureth ...
... Fgf8 is activated in the cloacal endoderm that makes contact with the ectoderm, and it is therefore possible that Fgf8 expression is a response to an inductive signal from the adjacent ectoderm. As the embryonic cloaca becomes subdivided into the urogenital sinus (ultimately giving rise to the ureth ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... recycling GLUT4 does not share any significant intralumenal space with furin (TGN marker) in adipocytes.22 However, recent work suggests that contributions of a non-GSV, non-ERC compartment could perhaps be a subcompartment of the TGN.17,47 An interesting explanation for the opposite models was provi ...
... recycling GLUT4 does not share any significant intralumenal space with furin (TGN marker) in adipocytes.22 However, recent work suggests that contributions of a non-GSV, non-ERC compartment could perhaps be a subcompartment of the TGN.17,47 An interesting explanation for the opposite models was provi ...
Auxin transport routes in plant development
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes
... et al., 2012). We obtained antibodies specific and representative of each H2A variant class (Figure S1B). We performed genomewide profiling by chromatin immunoprecipitation for H2A variant-bound DNA followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) (Figures 1 and S1C). H2A.X covered the entire genome (Figures ...
... et al., 2012). We obtained antibodies specific and representative of each H2A variant class (Figure S1B). We performed genomewide profiling by chromatin immunoprecipitation for H2A variant-bound DNA followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) (Figures 1 and S1C). H2A.X covered the entire genome (Figures ...
Auxin: The Growth Hormone - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista Vegetal
... Darwin and his son Francis studied plant growth phenomena involving tropisms. One of their interests was the bending of plants toward light. This phenomenon, which is caused by differential growth, is called phototropism. In some experiments the Darwins used seedlings of canary grass (Phalaris canar ...
... Darwin and his son Francis studied plant growth phenomena involving tropisms. One of their interests was the bending of plants toward light. This phenomenon, which is caused by differential growth, is called phototropism. In some experiments the Darwins used seedlings of canary grass (Phalaris canar ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... Cell division is a crucial event in the life of every organism. Most bacteria and archaea divide symmetrically in a process that is subject to extensive regulation to ensure that both newly formed daughter cells contain a copy of the chromosome. Symmetric division, schematically depicted in Figure 1 ...
... Cell division is a crucial event in the life of every organism. Most bacteria and archaea divide symmetrically in a process that is subject to extensive regulation to ensure that both newly formed daughter cells contain a copy of the chromosome. Symmetric division, schematically depicted in Figure 1 ...
PRH/Hex - Biochemical Journal
... The PRH (proline-rich homeodomain) protein, also known as the Hex (haematopoietically expressed homeobox) protein (also termed Hhex or HHEX) is a transcription factor that contains the well-characterized DNA-binding domain termed the homeodomain. PRH is a relatively unusual homeodomain protein in th ...
... The PRH (proline-rich homeodomain) protein, also known as the Hex (haematopoietically expressed homeobox) protein (also termed Hhex or HHEX) is a transcription factor that contains the well-characterized DNA-binding domain termed the homeodomain. PRH is a relatively unusual homeodomain protein in th ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... caspase-independent mitochondrial dysfunction (Cheng et al., 2001). The BCL-2 family proteins control a crucial checkpoint of apoptosis at the mitochondria (Cory and Adams, 2002; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). Multidomain proapoptotic BAX and BAK are essential effectors responsible for the permeabilizatio ...
... caspase-independent mitochondrial dysfunction (Cheng et al., 2001). The BCL-2 family proteins control a crucial checkpoint of apoptosis at the mitochondria (Cory and Adams, 2002; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). Multidomain proapoptotic BAX and BAK are essential effectors responsible for the permeabilizatio ...
Calcium at Fertilization and in Early Development
... to the demonstration that microinjection of InsP3 into sea urchin eggs caused their activation (605). A model of fertilization emerged in which the fertilizing sperm triggered production of InsP3 that then generated a propagating calcium wave (reviewed in Ref. 603). The debate at that time turned ar ...
... to the demonstration that microinjection of InsP3 into sea urchin eggs caused their activation (605). A model of fertilization emerged in which the fertilizing sperm triggered production of InsP3 that then generated a propagating calcium wave (reviewed in Ref. 603). The debate at that time turned ar ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... The parvin family was initially identified by sequence similarity to a-actinin. Recent detailed analysis of parvin CH2domain interactions with the ILK kinase domain and the leucine aspartate (LD)-rich repeats of paxillin suggested that parvin contributes to the assembly of focal adhesions in mammali ...
... The parvin family was initially identified by sequence similarity to a-actinin. Recent detailed analysis of parvin CH2domain interactions with the ILK kinase domain and the leucine aspartate (LD)-rich repeats of paxillin suggested that parvin contributes to the assembly of focal adhesions in mammali ...
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Transcription Factors in Heart
... In the late-1980s and early-1990s, numerous transcription factors involved in skeletal muscle development were identified. These studies were highlighted by the seminal observations of Davis et al. who showed that the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MyoD alone could initi ...
... In the late-1980s and early-1990s, numerous transcription factors involved in skeletal muscle development were identified. These studies were highlighted by the seminal observations of Davis et al. who showed that the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MyoD alone could initi ...
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
... (17) observed that ferrous sulfate apparently inhibited the sensitivity to lysozyme, and sodium pyrophosphate counteracted this inhibition; sodium arsenate consistently increased the titer four-fold. Sulfathiazolediazo-symetrical-carbamide-2R acid completely suppressed lytic action of lysozyme on M. ...
... (17) observed that ferrous sulfate apparently inhibited the sensitivity to lysozyme, and sodium pyrophosphate counteracted this inhibition; sodium arsenate consistently increased the titer four-fold. Sulfathiazolediazo-symetrical-carbamide-2R acid completely suppressed lytic action of lysozyme on M. ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... methyl esters, and only later deesterified by pectin methylesterase, liberating carboxyl groups, which bind Ca2+. It follows that low [Ca2+]e should make the cell wall more pliable and easily ruptured, whereas high concentrations should rigidify the wall and make it less plastic. It had become appa ...
... methyl esters, and only later deesterified by pectin methylesterase, liberating carboxyl groups, which bind Ca2+. It follows that low [Ca2+]e should make the cell wall more pliable and easily ruptured, whereas high concentrations should rigidify the wall and make it less plastic. It had become appa ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... only one SQ motif, located at position 17; 35, 36). Interestingly, however, although physiological phosphorylation of ser-17 has yet to be confirmed, the phosphorylation site itself has been reported to have a significant impact on the ability of MDM2 to regulate the p53 response. For example, ELISA ...
... only one SQ motif, located at position 17; 35, 36). Interestingly, however, although physiological phosphorylation of ser-17 has yet to be confirmed, the phosphorylation site itself has been reported to have a significant impact on the ability of MDM2 to regulate the p53 response. For example, ELISA ...
PDF
... Fertilized mouse eggs regulate their size principally by accumulating glycine as an intracellular osmolyte using the GLYT1 (SLC6A9) transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in ...
... Fertilized mouse eggs regulate their size principally by accumulating glycine as an intracellular osmolyte using the GLYT1 (SLC6A9) transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in ...
DORNRÖSCHEN is a direct target of the auxin response factor
... probably relate to a secondary non-cell-autonomous signal downstream of DRN. The DRN::GFP transcriptional reporter and the DRN::DRN-GFP translational fusion were expressed throughout the 2-, 4-, 8- or 16cell embryo proper (Fig. 1B-G). From the 32-cell stage onwards, DRN::GFP expression was no longer ...
... probably relate to a secondary non-cell-autonomous signal downstream of DRN. The DRN::GFP transcriptional reporter and the DRN::DRN-GFP translational fusion were expressed throughout the 2-, 4-, 8- or 16cell embryo proper (Fig. 1B-G). From the 32-cell stage onwards, DRN::GFP expression was no longer ...
Development of in vitro procedures that can predict the safety of
... Pre-clinical safety testing (in vivo and in vitro) of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) TGN1412 (developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases) failed to predict the life threatening adverse events that occurred during its Phase I Clinical Trial. The treatment of disease using mAb thera ...
... Pre-clinical safety testing (in vivo and in vitro) of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) TGN1412 (developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases) failed to predict the life threatening adverse events that occurred during its Phase I Clinical Trial. The treatment of disease using mAb thera ...
CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development Richard
... that the association of p53 and p300 might account for ...
... that the association of p53 and p300 might account for ...
The RING Domain of Mdm2 Can Inhibit Cell
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.