Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... teoglycans (Reyes et al., 1990). Binding experiments on the homophilic mechanism have revealed that the absolute level of expression of NCAM and differential polysialylation strongly affect its adhesive strength (Hoffman and Edelman, 1983). Functional studies on splice variants of NCAM suggest that ...
... teoglycans (Reyes et al., 1990). Binding experiments on the homophilic mechanism have revealed that the absolute level of expression of NCAM and differential polysialylation strongly affect its adhesive strength (Hoffman and Edelman, 1983). Functional studies on splice variants of NCAM suggest that ...
Spatial and temporal in vivo analysis of circulating
... Background: Mosquitoes respond to infection by mounting immune responses. The primary regulators of these immune responses are cells called hemocytes, which kill pathogens via phagocytosis and via the production of soluble antimicrobial factors. Mosquito hemocytes are circulated throughout the hemoc ...
... Background: Mosquitoes respond to infection by mounting immune responses. The primary regulators of these immune responses are cells called hemocytes, which kill pathogens via phagocytosis and via the production of soluble antimicrobial factors. Mosquito hemocytes are circulated throughout the hemoc ...
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... extending from the eye disc (ED) through the OS into the optic lobe (Silies et al., 2007; Tayler and Garrity, 2003). In early larval stages the two CG, which are specialized subperineurial glia (SPG), form a tubular glial structure encircled by a monolayer of PG. Photoreceptor axons from the develop ...
... extending from the eye disc (ED) through the OS into the optic lobe (Silies et al., 2007; Tayler and Garrity, 2003). In early larval stages the two CG, which are specialized subperineurial glia (SPG), form a tubular glial structure encircled by a monolayer of PG. Photoreceptor axons from the develop ...
The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues
... leaf abscission. Leaf abscission is thought to be regulated by the action of auxin and ethylene. In order to test the function of auxin in leaf abscission, an experimental system in Populus was established to induce leaf shedding synchronously under controlled greenhouse conditions. Exogenous auxin ...
... leaf abscission. Leaf abscission is thought to be regulated by the action of auxin and ethylene. In order to test the function of auxin in leaf abscission, an experimental system in Populus was established to induce leaf shedding synchronously under controlled greenhouse conditions. Exogenous auxin ...
Three distinct ribosome assemblies modulated by translation are the
... through protein synthesis. Small and large ribonucleoprotein subunits assemble on mRNAs to convert the linear information encoded in genes into three-dimensionally structured proteins. The interaction of mRNA and isolated ribosomes was shown for the first time 50 years ago by sedimentation analysis ...
... through protein synthesis. Small and large ribonucleoprotein subunits assemble on mRNAs to convert the linear information encoded in genes into three-dimensionally structured proteins. The interaction of mRNA and isolated ribosomes was shown for the first time 50 years ago by sedimentation analysis ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... activity of the root apical meristem. The local auxin maximum in the root tip has been recognized as the pattern- and organ polarity-organizing signal (Sabatini et al., 1999) established by directional auxin transport driven by PINs (Friml et al., 2002a; Blilou et al., 2005). Joint action of PIN1, P ...
... activity of the root apical meristem. The local auxin maximum in the root tip has been recognized as the pattern- and organ polarity-organizing signal (Sabatini et al., 1999) established by directional auxin transport driven by PINs (Friml et al., 2002a; Blilou et al., 2005). Joint action of PIN1, P ...
DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud
... anatomy indicated there were no obvious abnormalities of any of the internal organs. In all examples, however, the ribcage failed to fuse and the sternum was absent. This corresponds to regions of the embryo in which both Tbx5 and the Prx1-Cre transgene are expressed at later embryonic stages (data ...
... anatomy indicated there were no obvious abnormalities of any of the internal organs. In all examples, however, the ribcage failed to fuse and the sternum was absent. This corresponds to regions of the embryo in which both Tbx5 and the Prx1-Cre transgene are expressed at later embryonic stages (data ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... of pneumococci in spite of the striking absence of a signal sequence that could target it to the extracytoplasmic environment. This may constitute the first evidence, on phages encoding only holins and lysins in their lytic cassettes, of an exolysin without a secretion signal that is translocated th ...
... of pneumococci in spite of the striking absence of a signal sequence that could target it to the extracytoplasmic environment. This may constitute the first evidence, on phages encoding only holins and lysins in their lytic cassettes, of an exolysin without a secretion signal that is translocated th ...
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... APC/C to assemble ubiquitin chains with the specificity and efficiency required for tight cell-cycle control. INTRODUCTION In eukaryotes, the posttranslational modification of key regulators with ubiquitin chains plays a crucial role in almost every process (Kerscher et al., 2006). Ubiquitination ca ...
... APC/C to assemble ubiquitin chains with the specificity and efficiency required for tight cell-cycle control. INTRODUCTION In eukaryotes, the posttranslational modification of key regulators with ubiquitin chains plays a crucial role in almost every process (Kerscher et al., 2006). Ubiquitination ca ...
Utilization and Transport of Mannitol in Olea
... that, in O. europaea, monosaccharides and polyols are transported via two distinct transport systems with different Kms. This could account for the results depicted in Fig. 1B, where glucose is the first substrate to be consumed when growth occurred in a medium with glucose and mannitol. To study th ...
... that, in O. europaea, monosaccharides and polyols are transported via two distinct transport systems with different Kms. This could account for the results depicted in Fig. 1B, where glucose is the first substrate to be consumed when growth occurred in a medium with glucose and mannitol. To study th ...
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... development in both vertebrates and invertebrates (Jia and Jiang, 2006). Abnormal activation of Hh pathway has been observed in several types of human cancers (Pasca di Magliano and Hebrok, 2003; Taipale and Beachy, 2001). The Hh signal is transduced through a reception system that includes the tran ...
... development in both vertebrates and invertebrates (Jia and Jiang, 2006). Abnormal activation of Hh pathway has been observed in several types of human cancers (Pasca di Magliano and Hebrok, 2003; Taipale and Beachy, 2001). The Hh signal is transduced through a reception system that includes the tran ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY H1 histones
... concept was recently shown through the binding of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3B) to the CTD of mouse histone H1 by Yang et al. (51). The net positive charge imparted on the CTD from the high lysine content allows for regulation of higher-order chromatin structures through DNA backbone cha ...
... concept was recently shown through the binding of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3B) to the CTD of mouse histone H1 by Yang et al. (51). The net positive charge imparted on the CTD from the high lysine content allows for regulation of higher-order chromatin structures through DNA backbone cha ...
Ca signaling and early embryonic patterning during zebrafish
... 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathways, known to modulate early developmental events. Introduction There is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that Ca2+ signaling play ...
... 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathways, known to modulate early developmental events. Introduction There is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that Ca2+ signaling play ...
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential
... contrary, these two Survivin mutants displayed some apoptotic effects. In addition, we have shown that wild type Survivin does not interact with Smac mutants M-Smac (a methionine ...
... contrary, these two Survivin mutants displayed some apoptotic effects. In addition, we have shown that wild type Survivin does not interact with Smac mutants M-Smac (a methionine ...
Chromatin Association of Gcn4 Is Limited by Post
... budding yeast, located proximal to their cognate promoters, or enhancers in higher eukaryotes, which can be situated several hundred kilobases away from the genes that they regulate (Hahn and Young 2011; Shlyueva et al. 2014; Vernimmen and Bickmore 2015). Once bound, TFs trigger the ordered assembly ...
... budding yeast, located proximal to their cognate promoters, or enhancers in higher eukaryotes, which can be situated several hundred kilobases away from the genes that they regulate (Hahn and Young 2011; Shlyueva et al. 2014; Vernimmen and Bickmore 2015). Once bound, TFs trigger the ordered assembly ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... replicative niche. A complete understanding of bacterial autophagy in vivo shall be critical to exploit autophagy and its therapeutic potential. Autophagy: bacterial friend or foe? Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process by which cytosolic materials are delivered to a lysosomal compartment ...
... replicative niche. A complete understanding of bacterial autophagy in vivo shall be critical to exploit autophagy and its therapeutic potential. Autophagy: bacterial friend or foe? Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process by which cytosolic materials are delivered to a lysosomal compartment ...
Running Head: Superresolution of cortical
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
NUBBIN and JAGGED define stamen and carpel
... PHABULOSA (PHB), PHAVOLUTA and REVOLUTA, NUB is not expressed in the shoot meristem (Emery et al., 2003; McConnell et al., 2001; Waites et al., 1998). Like JAG, NUB expression is excluded from the cryptic bract (Fig. 1D). Unlike JAG, however, NUB expression is also excluded from sepal primordia (Fig ...
... PHABULOSA (PHB), PHAVOLUTA and REVOLUTA, NUB is not expressed in the shoot meristem (Emery et al., 2003; McConnell et al., 2001; Waites et al., 1998). Like JAG, NUB expression is excluded from the cryptic bract (Fig. 1D). Unlike JAG, however, NUB expression is also excluded from sepal primordia (Fig ...
patterning mechanisms controlling vertebrate limb development
... genes in the chick embryo has revealed that specific combinations of Hox gene expression in the embryonic trunk and LPM associate well, both with the levels at which the limbs are going to develop, and with the type of limb that develops (Cohn et al. 1997). Third, the absence of forelimbs in some sn ...
... genes in the chick embryo has revealed that specific combinations of Hox gene expression in the embryonic trunk and LPM associate well, both with the levels at which the limbs are going to develop, and with the type of limb that develops (Cohn et al. 1997). Third, the absence of forelimbs in some sn ...
- Wiley Online Library
... lmo2039 genes (PBP B2), pMAD derivatives were constructed, which would allow for the removal of the complete open reading frames. However, this strategy was not successful, most likely due to the essentiality of both these genes. In contrast, deletion of both genes was possible in strains LMJR5 and ...
... lmo2039 genes (PBP B2), pMAD derivatives were constructed, which would allow for the removal of the complete open reading frames. However, this strategy was not successful, most likely due to the essentiality of both these genes. In contrast, deletion of both genes was possible in strains LMJR5 and ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.