Control of Leaf and Vein Development by Auxin
... capture, and a lower side (orange), specialized for gas exchange. Members of the HD-ZIP III class, such as PHB, promote adaxial fate and meristem activity, and are regulated by two known pathways. First, miRNA165/166 directly repress HD-ZIP III transcripts, which results in exclusion of HD-ZIP III e ...
... capture, and a lower side (orange), specialized for gas exchange. Members of the HD-ZIP III class, such as PHB, promote adaxial fate and meristem activity, and are regulated by two known pathways. First, miRNA165/166 directly repress HD-ZIP III transcripts, which results in exclusion of HD-ZIP III e ...
The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart
... INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Early cardiac development ..........................................................................................2 The Outflow Tract (OFT) ................................ ...
... INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Early cardiac development ..........................................................................................2 The Outflow Tract (OFT) ................................ ...
Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in
... under low-oxygen conditions [8,30]; its essentiality under these conditions is indicated by the capacity of wildtype plants but not sucrose-synthase-deficient mutants to survive flooding [56,57]. Under pronounced low-oxygen conditions, sucrose synthase responds rapidly to early rises in cytosolic Ca ...
... under low-oxygen conditions [8,30]; its essentiality under these conditions is indicated by the capacity of wildtype plants but not sucrose-synthase-deficient mutants to survive flooding [56,57]. Under pronounced low-oxygen conditions, sucrose synthase responds rapidly to early rises in cytosolic Ca ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... [18,19]. In particular, it is unclear how heterochromatin could maintain centromeric cohesin during mitosis, when HP1 dissociates from chromatin after aurora B kinase-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 [20,21]. Little is known about the Mis4/Ssl3 cohesin loader (orthologs of budding yeast Scc2/ ...
... [18,19]. In particular, it is unclear how heterochromatin could maintain centromeric cohesin during mitosis, when HP1 dissociates from chromatin after aurora B kinase-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 [20,21]. Little is known about the Mis4/Ssl3 cohesin loader (orthologs of budding yeast Scc2/ ...
Supplementary Table 1
... Deshaies-2005-01-00987B NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent tu ...
... Deshaies-2005-01-00987B NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent tu ...
Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy - diss.fu
... 1.1.1 Genome Structure and Expression of the Viral Proteins The genomes of the different AAV serotypes consist of linear, single-stranded DNA molecules with a length of approximately 4700 nucleotides. Generally, the genome structures are mostly identical for all AAV serotypes. However, most research ...
... 1.1.1 Genome Structure and Expression of the Viral Proteins The genomes of the different AAV serotypes consist of linear, single-stranded DNA molecules with a length of approximately 4700 nucleotides. Generally, the genome structures are mostly identical for all AAV serotypes. However, most research ...
Airway surface liquid pH in well-differentiated airway - AJP-Cell
... by brief sonication) was added onto the ASL to change pH by 0.4–0.5 pH units. In some experiments, transport inhibitors were added to the perfusate or to both the perfusate and the ASL as described in RESULTS. Measurements in mouse trachea in vivo. Mice (25–35 g body wt) were anesthetized with ketam ...
... by brief sonication) was added onto the ASL to change pH by 0.4–0.5 pH units. In some experiments, transport inhibitors were added to the perfusate or to both the perfusate and the ASL as described in RESULTS. Measurements in mouse trachea in vivo. Mice (25–35 g body wt) were anesthetized with ketam ...
–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1 Induction of stable ER potassium channels
... 2010). Kv2.1 is expressed abundantly in the neuronal soma, suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a gr ...
... 2010). Kv2.1 is expressed abundantly in the neuronal soma, suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a gr ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... concentration of unpolymerized actin in non-muscle cells (Bray and Thomas, 1976) and the high affinity of profilin for actin monomers, a large fraction of profilin is expected to be bound to actin monomers. This conclusion is supported by the copurification of actin with profilin from cellular extra ...
... concentration of unpolymerized actin in non-muscle cells (Bray and Thomas, 1976) and the high affinity of profilin for actin monomers, a large fraction of profilin is expected to be bound to actin monomers. This conclusion is supported by the copurification of actin with profilin from cellular extra ...
Prions as protein-based genetic elements. - Lindquist Lab
... Once established, most prions propagate faithfully through mitosis and meiosis and are rarely spontaneously lost, although there are some exceptions (9, 35, 40, 176). Stability differences can be attributed to genetic background (96, 108) and the specific prion (50). In general, [URE3] is less meiot ...
... Once established, most prions propagate faithfully through mitosis and meiosis and are rarely spontaneously lost, although there are some exceptions (9, 35, 40, 176). Stability differences can be attributed to genetic background (96, 108) and the specific prion (50). In general, [URE3] is less meiot ...
Glutamate 83 and arginine 85 of helix H3 bend are key residues for
... cryotomography at the constriction site [22], but the importance of these lateral interactions has remained controversial [23]. Ca2+-induced FtsZ sheets are composed of protofilaments that are aligned in parallel and antiparallel way, while in Zn2+-induced tubulin sheets are arranged only in an anti ...
... cryotomography at the constriction site [22], but the importance of these lateral interactions has remained controversial [23]. Ca2+-induced FtsZ sheets are composed of protofilaments that are aligned in parallel and antiparallel way, while in Zn2+-induced tubulin sheets are arranged only in an anti ...
Structure and function of the notochord: an essential
... bone formation, the type II collagen-rich extracellular matrix of cartilage is deposited with type X collagen, which signals the eventual replacement of cartilage by bone (Linsenmayer et al., 1986; Schmid et al., 1991; Solursh et al., 1986). Similarly, during the development of vertebrae, notochord ...
... bone formation, the type II collagen-rich extracellular matrix of cartilage is deposited with type X collagen, which signals the eventual replacement of cartilage by bone (Linsenmayer et al., 1986; Schmid et al., 1991; Solursh et al., 1986). Similarly, during the development of vertebrae, notochord ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... (for reviews see Yap et al., 1997; Tepass et al., 2001). It must be modulated during development, tissue remodeling, and wound repair. A series of experiments suggest that regulation of adhesion occurs, at least in part, through a region of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail distinct from the -cat–bindi ...
... (for reviews see Yap et al., 1997; Tepass et al., 2001). It must be modulated during development, tissue remodeling, and wound repair. A series of experiments suggest that regulation of adhesion occurs, at least in part, through a region of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail distinct from the -cat–bindi ...
PDF
... regulated by interactions between the ureteric epithelium and the mesenchyme (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchym ...
... regulated by interactions between the ureteric epithelium and the mesenchyme (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchym ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... becomes a unique animal with diverse appearance and complex internal organ organization. The answer to this question lies at the early stages of development when crucial developmental decisions take place. The mouse gestation period is about 3 weeks long, however, not many people appreciate that the ...
... becomes a unique animal with diverse appearance and complex internal organ organization. The answer to this question lies at the early stages of development when crucial developmental decisions take place. The mouse gestation period is about 3 weeks long, however, not many people appreciate that the ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the other fuses with the diploid central cell to form the nutritive endosperm (Maheshwari, 1950; Knox, 1984). Thus, from the t ...
... through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the other fuses with the diploid central cell to form the nutritive endosperm (Maheshwari, 1950; Knox, 1984). Thus, from the t ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... the anther, pollen that lands on a receptive stigma extends a pollen tube, formed from the vegetative cell, which grows through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the ot ...
... the anther, pollen that lands on a receptive stigma extends a pollen tube, formed from the vegetative cell, which grows through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the ot ...
THE ROLE OF NODAL SIGNALING IN PATTERNING THE
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... E4orf6, E1B55K and BZLF1 [21], these Mdm2independent ubiquitination proteasome pathways also are involved in p53 degradation. Covalent modifications of p53, include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, glycosylation, ribosylation and O-GlcNAcylation [2 ...
... E4orf6, E1B55K and BZLF1 [21], these Mdm2independent ubiquitination proteasome pathways also are involved in p53 degradation. Covalent modifications of p53, include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, glycosylation, ribosylation and O-GlcNAcylation [2 ...
Lateral root initiation is a probabilistic event whose frequency is set
... the initial events that lead to LRI. They also noted that the peaks of auxin response correlate with the waving pattern of growth that their plants displayed. Such waving growth depends on auxin transporters and has been hypothesized to depend on gravity (Oliva and Dunand, 2007); however, roots grow ...
... the initial events that lead to LRI. They also noted that the peaks of auxin response correlate with the waving pattern of growth that their plants displayed. Such waving growth depends on auxin transporters and has been hypothesized to depend on gravity (Oliva and Dunand, 2007); however, roots grow ...
1 bio. hints of aipmt mt – viii
... endoskeleton. 26. Ans. (c) Hint: Failure of cytokinesis after telophase results in polyploidy. In sickle cell anaemia, GAG is changed to GUG. 28. Ans. (c) Hint: Human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases. 33. Ans. (a) Hint: In Meselson & Stahl experiment the DNA extracted from the culture ...
... endoskeleton. 26. Ans. (c) Hint: Failure of cytokinesis after telophase results in polyploidy. In sickle cell anaemia, GAG is changed to GUG. 28. Ans. (c) Hint: Human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases. 33. Ans. (a) Hint: In Meselson & Stahl experiment the DNA extracted from the culture ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.